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Healthy term infant Flashcards

1
Q

What gestational age is considered ‘term’?

A

37 to 41 weeks

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2
Q

What is the gestational age and avg weight of a normal term baby?

A

37-41 wks

2.5-4.0kg

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3
Q

What gestational age is considered ‘post term’?

A

> 41 weeks

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4
Q

What is the weight of a large for gestational age baby?

A

> 4kg

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5
Q

What s the weight of a small for gestational age baby?

A

<2.5kg

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6
Q

Name the substances that undergo transplacental transfer form mother to foetus?

A 
Iron
Vitamins
Calcium
Phosphate
Antibodies
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7
Q

List the features of perinatal adaption

A 
First cry/breath
Alveoli expansion
Change in circulation from foetal to newborn type
Reduced pulmonary artery pressure
Increased pulmonary artery O2 
APGAR score 
Early/immediate skin to skin contact
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8
Q

What are the features of an APGAR score? What is a “normal” score?

A

Objective measure of neonatal adaptation

Features (score as 0, 1 or 2)

  • Heart rate
  • Tone
  • Colour
  • Respiratory rate
  • Responsiveness

Normal = >/=8

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9
Q

Importance of skin-to-skin contact for perinatal adaption?

A

Helps keep baby warm and import for the establishment of breast-feeding

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10
Q

Problems to anticipate amongst neonates

A
  1. Hemorrhagic disease of the new born
    - Rare
    - Potential morbidity/mortality
    - Administer Vit K (IM vs Oral)
    - NB breast fed vs oral
  2. Infection risk based on maternal history
    - Hep B (immediate vaccination? Igs?)
    - Hep C
    - HIV
    - Syphilis
    - TB
    - Group B strep
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11
Q

What screening is required for the newborn?

A 
Newborn examination (top to toe)
Hearing screening
Hip screening (clinical and USS) 
Haemoglobinopathies
Metabolic disease
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12
Q

When examining the head of the neonate, what should we look for?

A 
OFC
Overlapping sutures
Fontanelles - sunken indicates dehydration
Ventouse/forceps marks
Moulding
CEPHALOHEMATOMA**
CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM
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13
Q

What is caput succedaneum vs cephalohematoma

A

Cephalohematoma:

  • Subperiosteal collection of blood
  • occurs due to prolonged second stage of labour/instrumental delivery

Caput Sucsedaneum

  • collection of edematous fluid in the scalp
  • occurs due to pressure of presenting part against the cervix
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14
Q

Features of the eye to asses during neonatal examination

A

Size
Red reflex - to detect congenital cataract which if not removed soon can lead to permanent blindness
Conjunctival hemorrhage - pressure effect of being squashed in birth canal during birth/ result of abuse
Squints (frequent)
Iris abnormality

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15
Q

Features of the ear to asses during neonatal examination

A 
Position
External auditory canal
Tags/pits
Folding
Family history of hearing los
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16
Q

Features of the mouth to asses during neonatal examination

A 
Shape
Philtrum
Tongue tie - affects breast feeding
Palate
Neonatal teeth
Ebstein's pearls
Sucking/rooting reflex
17
Q

Features of the face to asses in neonatal examination

A

dysmorphism

Palsy (facial)

18
Q

What to look out for in assesment of neonatal respiratory system?

A 
Chest shape
Nasal flaring
Grunting
Tachypnoea
In-drawing
Breath sounds
19
Q

Features of the cardiovascular assessment in neonatal examination to look out for

A 
Colour/saturation
- CHD screening
Pulses: femoral
Apex
Thrills/heaves
Heart sounds
20
Q

Features to look out for in abdominal examination/GI system assessment in neonatal examination

A 
Abdomen moves with respiration
Distension
Hernia
Umbilicus
Bile stained vomiting
Passage of meconium
Anus
21
Q

Genito-urinary examination of the neonate

A

Normal passage of urine
Normal genitalia
Undescended testes - feel scrotum
Hypospadius - examine the tip of penis

22
Q

Musculoskeletal examination of the neonate

A 
Movement and posture
Limbs and digits
Spine
Hip examination - hip dislocation extremely common
Spina bifida
23
Q

Neurological examination of the neonate - features to asses

A 
Alert, responsive
Cry
Tone
Posture
Movement
Primitive reflexes
- Suck
- Rooting
- Moro 
- ATNR
- Stepping
- Grasp

Reproduction (32 decks)

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