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healthy heart and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood composed of ?

A

Blood is composed of different types of cells floating in a liquid called PLASMA

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2
Q

What does blood contain ?

A

Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and smaller particles called platelets

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3
Q

What are red blood cells ?

A

Red Blood Cells transport oxygen and contain the pigment haemoglobin.

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4
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

White Blood Cells destroy bacteria and foreign particles eg. viruses

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5
Q

What are the two main types of white blood cells ?

A

There are two main types of white blood cells called phagocytes and lymphocytes

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6
Q

What are phagocytes

A

Phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing bacteria

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7
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

Lymphocytes produce specific antibodies which destroy viruses

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8
Q

What are anti bodies ?

A

Antibodies have specific complementary binding sites for only one type of foreign particle eg. virus

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9
Q

What’s a vaccine ?

A

Vaccines allow a dead or altered form of the foreign particle to be introduced into the body so the immune system recognises it on exposure

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10
Q

What are platelets ?

A

Platelets help the blood to clot and reduce bleeding.

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11
Q

What is the function of the heart

A

The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body.

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12
Q

What is the heart made of ?

A

The heart is made of cardiac muscle and pumps continuously

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13
Q

What are the hearts four different chambers?

A

The heart has four different chambers; right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle
and left ventricle

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14
Q

What can a pulse be ?

A

Pulse can be a health indicator

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15
Q

The fitter the person…

A

The lower the resting heart rate

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16
Q

Why is a very high pulse rate unhealthy ?

A

A very high pulse rate is unhealthy & can lead to heart disease or stroke

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17
Q

What’s the low tech methods of measuring heart rate

A

A stop watch and fingertips or stethoscope can be used as a low-tech method
of measuring pulse rate

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18
Q

What are the high tech methods of measuring pulse rate

A

A pulsometer or heart rate monitor linked to a computer can be used as a high-
tech method of measuring pulse rate

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19
Q

What do arteries do ?

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

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20
Q

What are veins ?

A

Veins return blood back to the heart and contain valves which prevent back flow of blood

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21
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are small vessels which form a network between arteries and veins

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22
Q

What is oxygenated blood ?

A

Oxygenated blood is rich in oxygen

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23
Q

What is deoxygenated blood rich in ?

A

Deoxygenated blood is rich in carbon dioxide

24
Q

What are the four major blood vessels leading to and from the heart ?

A

The four major blood vessels leading to and from the heart are the aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and vena cava.

25
What does the aorta do ?
The aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
26
What does the vena cava do?
The vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
27
What does the pulmonary artery do ?
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs
28
What does the pulmonary vein do ?
The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
29
Why is the muscular wall on the left hand side thicker than the right ?
The muscular wall of the left-hand side of the heart is thicker than the right- hand side since it has to pump blood all round the body, whereas the right- hand side only has to pump it as far as the lungs.
30
What does the coronary artery do ?
The coronary artery supplies the muscular wall of the heart with oxygenated blood
31
What is blood pressure ?
When the heart contracts and pumps blood into arteries under pressure, this pressure is called blood pressure
32
How can blood pressure be measured?
Blood pressure can be measured using either a stethoscope & mercury manometer or a digital sphygmomanometer
33
When does systolic pressure occur?
Systolic pressure occurs when the heart beats & pumps blood into the arteries giving an average reading of 120 mmHg
34
When does diastolic pressure occur ?
Diastolic pressure occurs between beats when the heart relaxes & fills with blood giving an average reading of 80 mmHg
35
What is the average blood pressure for an adult ?
The average blood pressure in an adult is 120/80 mmHg
36
What does it indicate when the blood pressure is greater than 160/90mmHg ?
high blood pressure
37
How is high blood pressure caused ?
High blood pressure is caused by: being overweight; lack of exercise; incorrect diet (fat, salt); drinking alcohol excessively; stress
38
What can high blood pressure cause ?
High blood pressure can cause heart attack and stroke
39
What does low blood pressure cause ?
Low blood pressure can cause fainting and heart failure
40
What is the function of the lungs ?
Lungs inflate to take air into the body & deflate to remove air from body
41
What is the function of an windpipe ?
Windpipe allows air to flow from the mouth or nose towards the lungs
42
What are brochi ?
Bronchi are the 2 branches which join the windpipe to the lungs
43
What are bronchioles ?
Bronchioles are branches from the bronchi which lead to the air sacs
44
What are air sacs ?
Air sacs allow oxygen to pass from the lungs into the blood & carbon dioxide to pass from the blood to the lungs
45
What is the function of the the ribs ?
Ribs shield or protect the lungs from damage
46
What is the arc sac ?
Arc sac is thin walled & surrounded by capillaries (tiny blood vessels)
47
What is breathing rate ?
Breathing rate is the number of breaths you take in one minute. Breathing rate will alter according to your level of activity
48
Breathing rate is different between individuals depending on their…
age, sex,fitness and state of health
49
What does exercise result in ?
Exercise results in faster, deeper breathing to get more oxygen to muscles & get rid of waste carbon dioxide
50
What is recovery time ?
Recovery time is the time required after exercise for rate & depth of breathing to return to normal
51
How can the efficiency of the lungs be measured?
The efficiency of the lungs can be measured using tidal volume, vital capacity and peak flow
52
What is tidal volume ?
The tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in and out in one normal breath. Tidal volume varies depending on body size, age, sex & level of fitness
53
What is vital capacity ?
Vital capacity is a measure of the maximum volume of air that a person can breathe out after having taken in as deep a breath as possible. Vital capacity varies depending on body size, age, sex and fitness
54
What is peak flow ?
Peak flow is the maximum rate that you can blow air out of your lungs and is measured using a peak flow meter
55
What is asthma ?
Asthma is a respiratory condition in which the air passages (bronchioles) become narrower making breathing difficult causing wheezing

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