Healthy and population ageing

Question 1

physical activity stats

Answer 1

17% inactive (RH/NH higher)
2x smoking or HTN
3% of disease burdern, 1.9 m deaths (35,000 UK)
£8.2m/year cost

29%M, 21% F active 55-74y
41%/32% gen pop
9/4% >75y

33/38% sedentary 55-74y
23%/24% gen pop
40%/65% >80y

50% can't walk 3mph
12% >65y can't walk independently
9% can't use stairs
30%M 50% F 65-74y can't stand from low chair
50% RH residents don't go outside

Question 2

PA benefits

Answer 2

reduced disease, disability, isolation, immobility
^LE
decreased DM, HTN, obesity/metabolic/endocrine, cancer, CVA
dose-response: all benefit
increased independence, strenght, balance, coordination (falls and ADLs)
social/QoL benefits, and mood
slows cognitive decline

Question 3

PA group

Answer 3

I: unfit and frail; unhealthy dependent
II: well, unfit; unhealthy independent; chronic illness risk
III:fit and health; all ADLs

Hierarchy: elite - fit - independent - frail - dependent

Question 4

functional capacity

Answer 4

muscles strength (max effort): 1% from 50, 3% 70y
muscle power: quick force (efficiency): lost 3-4% per year
aerobic capacity
activity: 10% per decade
bone density: 1% M, 2-3 F lost
flexibility (and balance), and proprioception
kinaesthetic awareness and thermoregulation

Question 5

PA guideline

Answer 5

30m mod intensity >5 days per week
most days if >60y
mod intensity = warm but still conversing

Question 6

PA types

Answer 6

endurance/aerobic: health/ability; >5d
strength/power: bone loss, ADLs; 2-3d
bone-building: anti-gravity; daily 10m
balance: falls; 3/week
flexibility: movement, ADLs; pre-strength/aerobics, 10m/ 2d

Question 7

PA Barriers

Answer 7

intrinsic: though/worries/motivation/confidence, privacy/group
extrinsic: access, cost, transport, attitudes of others

Rx: inform, encourage, reassure, BPS

Question 8

ageing stats

Answer 8

11.3m pension (65M 60F
368,150 >90y, 26% M
96% own homes; 20% LT care homes
4000 >90yo give >50h care
LE 75.7M 80.4F
increasing proportion (UK fertility rate 1.84 - below replacement)

Question 9

health determinants

Answer 9

constitutional
lifestyle
social/community networks
living/working: education, work, food, empoylment, water, health care, housing
general socio-eco, cultural, environmental