Healthy Active Living_1 Flashcards
What are the most common injuries seen in boxing?-most common injury?
Facial fractures, closed head injuries, neck injuries since in boxing, you’re INTENTIONALLY punching someone in the head/face-most common injury: concussion, followed by open wounds/cuts, then fractures
What is the most common cause of death in amateur and professional boxers?
Acute subdural hematoma
What is a long term neurological consequence of repeated blows to the head in boxing?
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (occurs in up to 20% of professional boxers)-can also occur in football/soccer/hockey, etc, wherever there are repetitive blows to the head
What are important psychosocial contributors to obesity?
Basically any stressors that trigger emotional eating:1. Being bullied: can increase emotional eating and also lead to an avoidance of physical activity as they don’t want to be seen exercising2. Suffering neglect and maltreatment3. Living situation where consistency, limit setting and supervision are lacking4. Inadequate sleep thus leading to overeating5. High levels of stress: impedes consistent physical activity, overactivated hypothalamic-pituitary axis results in increased cortisol which induces intra abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome6. Poverty
What is “weight bias”?
Tendency to make unfair judgements based on a person’s weight
What are parental responsibilities in promoting healthy active living in their children? (6)
- Purchasing healthy foods for food consumption2. Good role modeling3. Setting limits4. Keeping to healthy family routines (eating meals and exercising together)5. Effective time and money management6. Ensure that a divorce or separation remains as untraumatic as possible
What are psychosocial sequelae from being obese? (8)
- Depression2. Teasing/bullying3. Social isolation4. Discrimination5. Diminished self-esteem6. Behavioural problems7. Dissatisfaction with body image8. Reduced quality of life
True or false: immigrants who have lived in Canada for 10 or more years have been shown to have a higher risk of developing obesity than recently arrived immigrants.
True!
True or false: prevalence of obesity is significantly higher in children and youth who miss breakfast.
True!
What are the health consequences of childhood obesity? (8)
- Type 2 DM2. Dyslipidemia3. Hypertension4. OSA5. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis6. Insulin resistance7. Lowered self esteem8. Lowered quality of life
Which of the following is false:a. children spending > 2 hr screen time/day are 2x as likely to be overweight or obese than peers watching
B is false! Early childhood sedentary behaviour patterns WORSEN with age!
Which subgroups in the pediatric population are more likely to be less physically active? (5)
- Older children2. Females3. Aboriginal children4. Children who are not involved in or dislike sport/recreation programs5. Children with disabilities or live in public housing
What are the physical activity guidelines for:-infants-toddlers-preschoolers (3-4 yo)-what is the recommended screen time for children
**Overall, minimize the time infants/toddlers spend being carried/sitting in a stroller, etc. Should not be > 1 hr at a timeInfants:-infants
What are the physical activity guidelines for children > 5 yo?-how much screen time should they get?
For health benefits:-need to accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity DAILY including: virogous intensity activities at least 3 days/week, activities that strengthen muscle and bone at least 3 days/week-screen time should be limited to no more than 2 hrs/day-limit transportation in a car/bus, limit time spent indoors
An adolescent patient presents to your clinic and is concerned about obesity and would like to pursue a healthy active lifestyle. What questions will you ask on history?
- Screen for medical causes of obesity: hypothyroidism, OSA2. Screen for sleep disturbance3. Determine amount of caloric intake4. Determine current physical activity level5. Determine extent of sedentary behaviours6. Determine how much junk food is eaten, including sugar-sweetened drinks7. Determine level of screen time per day8. Assess desire for change
What are strategies to improve healthy active living for families in terms of reducing sedntary activities?
- Counsel families to remove TVs and computers from bedrooms2. Avoid eating in front of the TV3. Replace screen time with physical activity4. Avoid sitting for prolonged periods of time5. Increase active transportation6. Engage families to mentor young children so they can develop suitable PA skills
An obese patient of yours would like to get more physical activity but they say they have no time. What recommendations can you make?
- Build activity into each day - ie. walk to school/work2. Take the stairs3. Get off bus a stop early4. Take physical education in school5. Play active games with friends
What are the benefits of exercise in children with JIA?
- Lowers obesity risk and thus decreases joint load2. Reduces loss of proteoglycans and cartilage damage, optimizes bone mineral density3. Increases range of motion, strength of joint4. Decreases disease activity5. Improves energy level and quality of life***overall, physical activity does NOT exacerbate disease
What are the physical activity recommendations for children with JIA?-what about for children with JIA of the neck or TMJ or uveitis?
- Can safely participate in sports without disease exacerbation2. Should participate in moderate fitness, flexibility and strengthening exercises3. Can participate in impact activities and competitive contact sports if the disease is well controlled and they have adequate physical capacity4. Should be encouraged to be physically active as tolerated (if too painful, then don’t do it)5. Should take individualized training within a group exercise format-for children with neck arthritis: need to have cervical spine xray before participation in collision/contact sports to decrease risk of spinal injury-TMJ arthritis: need appropriately fitted mouth guards to prevent jaw and dental injury-uveitis: should wear appropriate eye protection during activities with ocular injury risk to decrease further compromising vision
Why might a person with hemophilia have arthritis of joints?
This is known as hemophilic arthropathy!-Repeated joint hemorrhage causes synovitis, leading to joint degeneration and arthropathy-causes joint contractures, limited ROM and chronic pain-most commonly affects knees, ankles and elbows
What are the benefits of exercise in a patient with hemophilia?-risks?
- May transiently increase factor 8 levels2. Strengthens joints and muscles to decrease risk of hemophilic arthropathy3. Reduces frequency of hemorrhageRisks:1. Chronic hemophilic arthropathy may lead to impaired neuromuscular function, decreased muscle strength/endurance and thus increase risk of injury and bleeding