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MMI > Healthcare Topics > Flashcards

Healthcare Topics Flashcards

1
Q

What are some pros of Telehealth?

A
  • More convenient fro patient and doctor
  • Less costs
  • Reduces chance of infection
  • Patients with mobility issues are able to access healthcare better
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2
Q

What are some negatives of Telehealth?

A
  • No physical examinations can be done –> difficult to diagnose symptoms
  • Lack connection built between patient and doctor –> difficult to show emotion
  • Difficult if internet connection is poor
  • Privacy concerns arise over electronically transmitted data
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3
Q

What are some positives that arose from the impact of COVID-19?

A
  • Accelerated research and production of mRNA vaccines
  • Accelerated implementation of Telehealth and Remote Learning/Work
  • Increased awareness of appropriate hygiene
  • Governments have better equipped protocols to deal with future pandemics/epidemics
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4
Q

What are some negatives that arose from the impact of COVID-19?

A
  • High death toll (>6 million)
  • Many people lost jobs
  • Psychological impacts of deaths/isolation
  • Burden of disease
  • Some may have mistrust in the healthcare system
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5
Q

What are some potential solutions to obesity?

A
  • Subsidies to make healthier options and more accessible
  • Make foods of high sugar content more expensive –> ppl less likely to buy them
  • Education of early age of dangers of obesity, ways to reduce likelihood of it, etc.
  • Try new approaches to advertising to make individuals more invested in focussing more on health
  • Breakdown barriers to exercise
  • Placing calorie content on menus so ppl can make more informed decision
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6
Q

What are some reasons why P platers are more likely to crash?

A
  • Less experience driving –> more likely to make mistakes
  • Higher likelihood to speed
  • Higher likelihood to engage with risk-taking behaviour
  • More likely to drink and drive
  • Subject to peer pressure / showing off to passengers
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7
Q

What are some existing solutions to road accidents?

A
  • P license has several restrictions
  • Red Ps –> only one other passenger of similar age allowed
  • No alcohol for first 4 years of driving with Ps
  • Power limit on cars –> has to be under certain limit
  • TAC advertising to highlight potential impacts of driving unsafely
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8
Q

What are some potential solutions to road accidents?

A
  • Regular driving tests could be taking to reassess one’s ability to drive safely
  • Increase the amount of hours required of learners
  • Stricter penalties for driving unsafely
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9
Q

What are some reasons for Vaccine Hesitancy?

A
  • People may feel that the vaccine mandate is a breach of autonomy
  • Vaccine costs may be too expensive for some
  • People may be misinformed due to non-reputable sources
  • Pain and potential adverse effects of vaccine
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10
Q

What are some solutions to Vaccine Hesitancy?

A
  • Offer multiple vaccines to individuals and allow people to choose
  • Offer more reputable, accessible and digestible information so people can make an informed decision
  • Ensure only credible information is published to the public
  • Work with patients considerately and acknowledge their beliefs
  • Provide subsidies to reduce the cost of vaccines
  • Ensure patients are monitored after vaccine to ensure they are not experiencing other adverse effects.
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11
Q

Why are Breast Milk Banks used?

A
  • If mothers cannot produce sufficient amount of milk, it can be useful to use other breast milk.
  • Baby may not be able to consume mother’s milk
  • Babies get immunological benefits from breast milk
  • Babies get nutritional benefits from breast milk
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12
Q

What are some benefits of Breast Milk Banks?

A
  • If standardised, it can offer correct safety protocols to be put in place
  • It can reduce likelihood of informal sharing of breast milk
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13
Q

What are some negatives of Breast Milk Banks?

A
  • Can cause infections if milk is pasteurised and handled incorrectly
  • Can be contaminated with drugs/medication if proper screening doesn’t occur
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14
Q

Can financial incentives increase the effectiveness of Breast Milk Banks?

A
  • If financial incentives are given, then more people are likely to donate breast milk
  • If financial incentives are given, then this could disproportionately affect individuals of lower SES as they may be pressured to donate more milk –> reduce health
  • If no financial incentives are given, ppl may not donate –> more informal breast milk sharing
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15
Q

What are some positives of DNA Screening?

A
  • Can be helpful to assess if an individual carries a gene mutation and can get earlier diagnosis –> earlier treatment
  • Can take preventative measures to deal with presence of certain gene
  • Can look into other options for children if diagnosed such as IVF or adoption
  • Can rule out particular conditions to assist diagnosis
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16
Q

What are some negatives of DNA Screening?

A
  • Privacy concerns –> who gets access to the info // if insurance companies have access to it, insurance cost could increase
  • If individual knows of presence of mutation –> anxiety/psychological effects about it
  • If a test is done to test presence of one gene, should presence of other genes be informed to the patient
  • False positives could lead to some people aborting potentially healthy babies
  • The cost of the test is high
17
Q

What are the positives of DNA selection?

A
  • Allows for family planning –> ppl can choose if wanting a boy or girl
  • Allows certain genetic-specific problems to be avoided
18
Q

What are the negatives of DNA selection?

A
  • Worsens inequality as it can be very expensive –> ppl of lower SES disproportionately affected
  • Can lead to a sex imbalance in the population
  • Can contribute to gender inequalities
  • Moral Issues –> wrong to choose and go against natural course?
19
Q

What are some positives of the Organ Donation Opt-out System?

A
  • Increase the pool of organ donors –> saves more lives
  • Process is sped up as consent is presumed
  • Lead to reduction in illegal organ trafficking (done in some countries due to shortage of organs)
20
Q

What are some negatives of the Organ Donation Opt-out System?

A
  • Family members may be unhappy as they do not want organs to be donated // Family may not be able to overrule the decision
  • Consent is presumed and not explicitly given –> ethical issues
21
Q

What are some financial incentive considerations for the Organ Donation Opt-out System?

A
  • More people likely to donate
  • Financial incentives reward people for donating
  • Disproportionately affect ppl of lower SES as they may be more likely to donate –> health issues in the future
  • Would inhibit unregulated organ trafficking from occurring

MMI (5 decks)

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