Healthcare Setting Flashcards
Also called venipuncture. Means drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut or puncture to obtain an sample for analysis and diagnosis.
Phlebotomy
Ancient art of bloodletting
Phlebotomy: Phlebo, which means vein. Tomy which means to make an incision.
Practice dates back 3500 years to early Egyptian hieroglyphs.
To rid the body of excess fluids believed to be infected.
What are the most common phlebotomy practices today?
Blood extraction for donation, testing of the substances contained within the blood, and other medical uses.
How do you positively identify a patient?
Asking them to state and spell their full name and provide their date of birth.
What is HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Passed in 1996.
Requires providers to get written permission before disclosing healthcare info to anyone outside of the provider team.
What is PHI?
The Protected Health Information. Any individually identifiable health info that is transmitted or stored electronically.
Safeguarded and info includes but is not limited to:
Treatments
Test results
Medications
Procedures
Appt times
Appt. Dates
The best information exchange happens when info is:
SENT—-RECEIVED—PROCESSED—UNDERSTOOD
What is the oldest watchdog group in healthcare facility oversight? Why was it formed?
The Joint Commission. Was formed solely to look out for patients and establish standards and practices of operations in all healthcare offerings to the public.
Program screening focuses of quality care, patient safety and continuous pre-analytical and post-analytical processes, and over sites to Point-of-Care Testing (POCT).
What is CLSI?
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Global non-profit org. That develops standards using representatives taken directly from the fields they oversee.
Phleb programs approved with CLSI include:
Program approval
Certification Exam questions
Standard of care based on CLSI standards
CLSI mission statement is: To develop clinical and laboratory proactive and promote their use worldwide.
Quality Control Documentaion
Equipment Check Forms or QC checklists- ensure the machines are inspected for performance and operation compliance at time intervals specific to the equipment and clinical application.
Incident Reports- forms that record and tack internal issues. Identifies everyone involved, the problems and the actions taken to correct the issue.
Risk Management- “loss of property or injury’
Ethical behavior
Entails conforming to a standard of right and wrong to avoid harming the patient.
Ethics breaches will not get a fine or jail time from the local jurisdiction, but can result in dismissal or revocation of certification or licensure.
Under the patient’s bill or rights….
they can always know what tests are being performed and decline medical treatment. If they refuse care, report this to your supervisor. DO NOT ever give patients results or explain what the tests check for as you are not medically qualified.
Types of consent?
Informed Consent
Expressed Consent
Implied consent
HIV Testing Consent - prob don’t need to know for test
Parental Consent for Minors
Informed Consent
A competent person gives voluntary permission for a medical procedure after receiving adequate information about the rish of the procedure’s mentors and consequences.
Given by competent person after informed.
Expressed Consent
Permission is given by the patient verbally or in writing for a procedure
Implied Consent
The patient’s actions permit the procedure without verbal or written consent.
Given through patient actions.
For example: this includes a patient going to the emergency room or holding out an arm when told they need blood drawn.
Parental Consent for Minors
A parent or a legal guardian must permit procedures administered to underage patients depending on the sate law, ranging from 18-21 yrs old.
Discharge Against Medical Advice (AMA)
Patients have a right to refuse care or stop care at any point during the procedure. Clinic may have patient sign a refusal form to cover provider and clinics from future litigation.
In-patient Identification
They will be issued a non-removable waterproof identification band in place of their government ID. THE BAND MUST BE ON THE PATIENT
Out-Patient Identification
Patient identification for outpatients should be a state issued ID containing date of birth since that is the identification used with the insurance card.
Patient ID bands identifies what?
Band identifies prescription drugs issued, tests ordered, and test results given to the patient
IF YOU FIND A DISCREPANCY WITH THE ID BAND YOU CANNOT PROCEED WITH THE BLOOD DRAW OR ANY MODALITIES UNTIL THE DISCREPANCY IS RESOLVED
How to handle mistakes?
DO NOT HIDE A MISTAKE!
Immediately report the incident to supervisor o that corrective action can be taken to fix the mistake
OSHA
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Federal agency responsible for overseeing the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Careful not to confuse the agency with the act.
Agency mandates safety Regis across every workplace, from office furniture to bloodwork in a clinical lab. They work to prevent safety issues by investigating hazardous workplaces.
How many and what are the types of OSHA inspections?
There are 4 types of OSHA inspections:
Complaint Inspection
Fatality or Accidents Inspection
Programmed Inspection
Imminent Danger Inspection
The Fatality or Accidents Inspection
This inspection occurs after OSHA receives notice from the employer of a workplace fatality or accident resulting in threee or more employees’ hospitalizations. OSHA also notes media reports and frequent investigations that do not result in deaths or hospitalizations.
The Programmed Inspection
This kind of inspection is conducted on randomly chosen workplaces determined to be engaged in particularly hazardous work types according to their Standard Industry Classification (SIC) codes
The Imminent Danger Inspection
This inspection type occurs when OSHA receives a report that a condition of imminent danger exists at a workplace. This is the least common type of inspection
Infectious agents are classified into 4 groups:
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
What is nosocomial infection?
Any infection contracted in a healthcare setting.
Most common nosocomial infections are respiratory.
Easiest and most effective way to break the chain of transmission?
Washing your hands. Use enough soap to form a lather.
What is the most common PPE?
Masks
Googles or safety glasses
Face shields
Respirators
Gloves
Gowns
The order of removal of most PPE after a procedure?
- Gloves 2. Goggles 3. Gown 4. Mask
GGGM
Medical Asepsis
The destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after leaving the body
I.e. hand washing, equipment cleaning and disinfection procedures.
Sharps Injury log must contain:
The type and brand of device involved in the incident
The department or wok area where the exposure incident occurred
An explanation of how the incident occurred.
Environmental Hazards:
Biologic: Infections agents can cause bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections.
Sharps: Needles, lancets, and broken glass can puncture, cut and cause blood borne pathogen exposure.
Chemical: preservatives and chemicals used in the lab can create possible exposure to toxic, carcinogenic, or caustic subs.
Electrical: High-voltage equipment can cause burns or electrical shock.
Fire or explosive: Bunsen burners, oxygen, and chemicals can cause burns or dismemberment
Physical: Wet floors and heavy lifting can cause falls, sprains, and strains
Allergic reaction: Latex sensitivity can cause allergic reactions ranging from superficial dermatitis to anaphylaxis. Use nitrile gloves if there is a latex allergy
