healthcare ethics

Question 1

he believed that both good and evil line in a sensations. pleasure being good and evil being bad

Answer 1

epicurus

Question 2

he taught pleasure can be gained by living a life of moderation , courage and justice by cultivating friendship

Answer 2

epicurus

Question 3

father of modern utilitarianism

Answer 3

jeremy bentham

Question 4

action is right if they increase happiness and diminish misery. it is wrong when they have opposite effect

Answer 4

bentham’s theory

Question 5

six criteria to measure pleasure

Answer 5

intensity
duration
certainty
propinquity
fecundity
purity

Question 6

he developed the theory from a version put forward by his mentor

Answer 6

john stuart mill

Question 7

for him, object of virtue is the multiplication of happiness

Answer 7

john stuart mill

Question 8

he believed utilitarianism yo be in the spirit of golden rule

Answer 8

john stuart mill

Question 9

each act is considered on the basis of its net benefit

Answer 9

act utilitarianism

Question 10

it suggests that people choose actions that will in any given circumstance, increase the overall good

Answer 10

act utilitarianism

Question 11

decision makers developed rules that will have the greatest net benefit

Answer 11

rule utilitarianism

Question 12

it suggests that people choose rules that when followed consistently will maximize the overall good

Answer 12

rule utilitarianism

Question 13

widely used in healthcare system

Answer 13

utilitarianism

Question 14

sometimes called characteristics

Answer 14

virtue ethics

Question 15

represents that individual’s actions are based upon a certain degree of innate moral virtue

Answer 15

virtual etics

Question 16

8 cardinal virtues

Answer 16

wisdom
courage
temperance
justice
generosity
faith
hope
charity

Question 17

a character trait that is morally valued such as truthfulness, kindness, or honesty

Answer 17

moral virtue

Question 18

he considered goodness of character to be produced by the practice of virtuous behavior rather than virtuous acts being the end result of a good characters

Answer 18

aristotle

Question 19

virtue according to _____ is equal to excellence of character and depends on motivation, deliberation, clear judgement, self - control and practice.

Answer 19

aristotle

Question 20

aristotle’s traits of a virtuous character provided three criteria

Answer 20

1. virtuous act must be chosen for their owns a key
2. the choice must proceed from a firm and unchangeable character
3. virtue is a disposition to choose the mean

Question 21

she adds another perspective to aristotle’s concept of virtuous person

Answer 21

philippa ruth foot

Question 22

she defines will as “that which is wished for as well as what is sought

Answer 22

philippa ruth foot

Question 23

they suggest that although people have different character traits, all have teh capacity to learn or cultivate those that are important morality

Answer 23

beauchamp &childress

Question 24

4 focal virtues

Answer 24

compassion
discernment
trustworthiness
integrity

Question 25

the ability to imagine oneself in the situation of another. it embodies the golden rule

Answer 25

compassion

Question 26

it rest on sensitive insight involving acute judgment and understanding and it results in decisive actions

Answer 26

discernment

Question 27

trust is a confident belief in the moral character of another person

Answer 27

trustworthiness

Question 28

perhaps the cardinal virtue. it means soundness, reliability, wholeness, and integration of moral character

Answer 28

integrity

Question 29

it is the chaos of thought , beliefs, assumptions, values, superstition

Answer 29

philosphy

Question 30

it is the intense & critical examination of beliefs &7 assumption

Answer 30

philosophy

Question 31

is the philosophical discussion of what is considered good or bad, right or wrong in terms of moral issues

Answer 31

moral philosophy

Question 32

is concerned with the study of social morality and philosophical reflection on society's norms and practices.

Answer 32

ethics

Question 33

generally appear when occupations organize themselves into professions, govern professional behavior.

Answer 33

professional codes of ethics

Question 34

provides guidance to nurses in their relationships with patients, colleagues, the profession and the society

Answer 34

nursing code of ethics

Question 35

derived from either of two schools of thought

Answer 35

ethical theories

Question 36

2 school of thoughts

Answer 36

naturalism rationalism

Question 37

a view of moral judgment that regards ethics as dependent upon human nature and psychology.

Answer 37

naturalism

Question 38

rationalist believe that there are absolute truths that are not dependent upon human nature. they argue that ethical values have an independent origin in the nature of the universe and can only be know to humans through the process process of reasoning

Answer 38

rationalism

Question 39

derived from the greek word deon which means duty

Answer 39

deontology

Question 40

it is concerned with behaving ethically by meeting our duties

Answer 40

deontology

Question 41

it originates from kant

Answer 41

deontology

Question 42

it is base from the rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon the nature of the act rather than its consequences.

Answer 42

deontology

Question 43

it is called formalism occasionally

Answer 43

deontology

Question 44

born at konigsberg russia in 1724

Answer 44

immanuel kant

Question 45

he asserted that moral rules are absolute & apply to all people for al times in all situation

Answer 45

immanuel kant

Question 46

refers to moral rules that do not admit exceptions imperative denotes a command that is derived from principle

Answer 46

categorical

Question 47

act only according to that maxim y which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law

Answer 47

categorical imperative

Question 48

act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, always as an end and never as a means only

Answer 48

practical imperative

Question 49

from a greek word telos which means ends

Answer 49

teleology

Question 50

it evaluates the morality of actions in terms of progress toward goal or end

Answer 50

teleology

Question 51

it is also called consequentialism

Answer 51

teleology

Question 52

its goal is the greatest good for the greatest number

Answer 52

teleology

Question 53

it defines morality interms of maximization of net quality

Answer 53

utilitarianism

Question 54

a moral theory that holds that an action is judged as good or bad in relation to the consequence, outcome or end result that is derived from it

Answer 54

utilitarianism