Healthcare Data, Information, and Knowledge Flashcards
in the case study presented, who was the patient?
Dave de Bronkart
when was Dave diagnosed?
January 2007
what illness was Dave diagnosed?
a kidney cancer that had spread to both lungs, bone, and muscles
was Dave’s initial illness disturbing?
yes. his prognosis was noted to be grim
where was Dave initially treated?
he was treated at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, with a combination of a surgery and enrolled in a clinical trial of High Dosage Interleukin-2 (HDIL-2) therapy
when was Dave thought to have beaten cancer?
July 2007
what did Dave become when he was initially treated and beaten cancer?
he became a blogger and an advocate and activist for patient empowerment
when did Dave decided to copy his medical record?
March 2009
where did Dave copied his record?
Google Health
what is a Google Health?
it is a personally-controlled health record or PHR
why was copying of data to google health automated?
because Beth Israel Deaconess had worked with Google to create an interface (or conduit) between their medical record and Google Health
what is the medication David was taking, and what is it for?
hydrochlorothiazide - a common blood pressure medication
what were the worse issues of Daves new medical record?
- his new record has long list of deadly diseases
- no dates attached in every disease dave had ever had
- conditions listed in the new record, dave never had.
what was the illness that he had - the most scary one, and deadly?
aortic aneurysm - a potentially deadly expansion of the aorta, the largest artery in the human body
possible reason of error in the transmission of Dave’s medical record
- in part, it was because the system transmitted billing codes, rather than doctor’s diagnoses.
it became clear that data transmission is simply not enough. how can it be fully useful?
systems must not mangle the meaning as they input, store, manipulate, and transmit information. meaning should be clear.
what are the urgent warnings in dave’s record?
- requires immediate attention
- discuss with doctor soon
- hydrochlorothiazide and low amount of potassium in blood
what are the list of conditions that reflected in the newly-created PHR of dave?
- acidosis
- anxiety disorder
- aortic aneurysm
- arthroplasty (total replacement of hip)
- bone disease
- cancer
- chest mass
- cancer metastasis to bone
- chronic lung disease
- depressed mood
- depression
- diarrhea
- elevated blood pressure
- hair follicle inflammation with abscess in sweat gland areas
- health maintenance
- hydradenitis
- hypertension
- inflammation of the large intestine
- intestinal parasitic infection
it is a largely domain of information
data
data is motivated by specific applications along with?
general approaches to classes of problems that involve computation
vocabularies and meaningful data is an example of?
informatics
databases, searching, sorting and data are example of?
computer science
what is the common denominator of informatics and computer science?
information retrieval
it contains only relevant parts of the ‘physical world’ relevant to computation?
conceptual model
it is a design based from conceptual model; the representations must be defined
computation model
it contains the information one wished to represent
representing world
it is the rapport between the represented world and representing world
mapping
what is semantic equivalent?
it sets a range of possible diagnosis
ex. ‘1’ can mean lung cancer ‘or’ ICD-9-CM
what is interoperability?
it is the consistency of interpretation
what are the important factors in interoperability?
source system, receiving system, and associated information
what is the core goal of science?
transformation of information into knowledge
in clinical world, available knowledge is best described as?
justified.
what has existing evidence that is true rather than proven fact?
justified
what do clinical research informaticians do?
- leverage informatics to enable and transform clinical research
- they assist researchers to accomplish their goals faster and cheaper than using existing methods
this develop methods that allow researchers to do things that they cannot do using methods
transform data
transform data unifies?
aggregated data for making ‘wise’ decisions
data from these are sourced from electronic health records; has administrative functions
clinical data warehouses
narrative, initial assessment is?
unstructured (free text)
what is a structured data?
- it follows a certain ‘format’
- has prescription, lab results billing
- easier to manage
what is the natural language?
human language
what is meta-data?
it is the data that describe other data
CDW 5 uses (from comparison slide)
- can use analytics
- can perform ‘group’ analytics
- not updated real-time
- for equality assurance monitoring
- identification of trends
EHR 5 uses (from comparison slide)
- raw
- individual profiles of patients
- realtime update
- interface-reliant
- present time
what are the usses of aggregated clinical data? give 3
- familiarity with the nature of health records
- concept extraction
- classification
familiarity with the nature of health records includes
billing code, and other structured data
concept extraction of clinical data includes
- issues on identification of unstructured data
- requires mapping and going over with the meta-data
classification of clinical data includes
- categorizing data into two or more categories
what are the three future trends of HIT?
- gains popularity nowadays among physicians
- must augmented human cognition and abilities
- must embrace paradigm shifts
these are observations reflecting differences in the world
data
this is a meaningful data or facts from which conclusions can be drawn
information
an information that is justifiably believed to be true
knowledge
what is the domain of information technology professionals and computer scientists
data
what is the domain of informatics and informaticians
information and knowledge
what helps convert data into information?
vocabularies
what is the core concern of informaticians?
transformation of data into information and knowledge
what should match to get useful answers from the computer?
matching of real world, conceptual model, and computational model
is there a large “semantic gap” between health data and health information?
yes.
