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Medical Informatics > Healthcare Data, Information, and Knowledge > Flashcards

Healthcare Data, Information, and Knowledge Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

in the case study presented, who was the patient?

A

Dave de Bronkart

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2
Q

when was Dave diagnosed?

A

January 2007

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3
Q

what illness was Dave diagnosed?

A

a kidney cancer that had spread to both lungs, bone, and muscles

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4
Q

was Dave’s initial illness disturbing?

A

yes. his prognosis was noted to be grim

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5
Q

where was Dave initially treated?

A

he was treated at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, with a combination of a surgery and enrolled in a clinical trial of High Dosage Interleukin-2 (HDIL-2) therapy

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6
Q

when was Dave thought to have beaten cancer?

A

July 2007

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7
Q

what did Dave become when he was initially treated and beaten cancer?

A

he became a blogger and an advocate and activist for patient empowerment

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8
Q

when did Dave decided to copy his medical record?

A

March 2009

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9
Q

where did Dave copied his record?

A

Google Health

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10
Q

what is a Google Health?

A

it is a personally-controlled health record or PHR

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11
Q

why was copying of data to google health automated?

A

because Beth Israel Deaconess had worked with Google to create an interface (or conduit) between their medical record and Google Health

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12
Q

what is the medication David was taking, and what is it for?

A

hydrochlorothiazide - a common blood pressure medication

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13
Q

what were the worse issues of Daves new medical record?

A
  • his new record has long list of deadly diseases
  • no dates attached in every disease dave had ever had
  • conditions listed in the new record, dave never had.
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14
Q

what was the illness that he had - the most scary one, and deadly?

A

aortic aneurysm - a potentially deadly expansion of the aorta, the largest artery in the human body

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15
Q

possible reason of error in the transmission of Dave’s medical record

A
  • in part, it was because the system transmitted billing codes, rather than doctor’s diagnoses.
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16
Q

it became clear that data transmission is simply not enough. how can it be fully useful?

A

systems must not mangle the meaning as they input, store, manipulate, and transmit information. meaning should be clear.

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17
Q

what are the urgent warnings in dave’s record?

A
  • requires immediate attention
  • discuss with doctor soon
  • hydrochlorothiazide and low amount of potassium in blood
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18
Q

what are the list of conditions that reflected in the newly-created PHR of dave?

A
  • acidosis
  • anxiety disorder
  • aortic aneurysm
  • arthroplasty (total replacement of hip)
  • bone disease
  • cancer
  • chest mass
  • cancer metastasis to bone
  • chronic lung disease
  • depressed mood
  • depression
  • diarrhea
  • elevated blood pressure
  • hair follicle inflammation with abscess in sweat gland areas
  • health maintenance
  • hydradenitis
  • hypertension
  • inflammation of the large intestine
  • intestinal parasitic infection
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19
Q

it is a largely domain of information

A

data

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20
Q

data is motivated by specific applications along with?

A

general approaches to classes of problems that involve computation

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21
Q

vocabularies and meaningful data is an example of?

A

informatics

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22
Q

databases, searching, sorting and data are example of?

A

computer science

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23
Q

what is the common denominator of informatics and computer science?

A

information retrieval

24
Q

it contains only relevant parts of the ‘physical world’ relevant to computation?

A

conceptual model

25
Q

it is a design based from conceptual model; the representations must be defined

A

computation model

26
Q

it contains the information one wished to represent

A

representing world

27
Q

it is the rapport between the represented world and representing world

A

mapping

28
Q

what is semantic equivalent?

A

it sets a range of possible diagnosis
ex. ‘1’ can mean lung cancer ‘or’ ICD-9-CM

29
Q

what is interoperability?

A

it is the consistency of interpretation

30
Q

what are the important factors in interoperability?

A

source system, receiving system, and associated information

31
Q

what is the core goal of science?

A

transformation of information into knowledge

32
Q

in clinical world, available knowledge is best described as?

A

justified.

33
Q

what has existing evidence that is true rather than proven fact?

A

justified

34
Q

what do clinical research informaticians do?

A
  • leverage informatics to enable and transform clinical research
  • they assist researchers to accomplish their goals faster and cheaper than using existing methods
35
Q

this develop methods that allow researchers to do things that they cannot do using methods

A

transform data

36
Q

transform data unifies?

A

aggregated data for making ‘wise’ decisions

37
Q

data from these are sourced from electronic health records; has administrative functions

A

clinical data warehouses

38
Q

narrative, initial assessment is?

A

unstructured (free text)

39
Q

what is a structured data?

A
  • it follows a certain ‘format’
  • has prescription, lab results billing
  • easier to manage
40
Q

what is the natural language?

A

human language

41
Q

what is meta-data?

A

it is the data that describe other data

42
Q

CDW 5 uses (from comparison slide)

A
  • can use analytics
  • can perform ‘group’ analytics
  • not updated real-time
  • for equality assurance monitoring
  • identification of trends
43
Q

EHR 5 uses (from comparison slide)

A
  • raw
  • individual profiles of patients
  • realtime update
  • interface-reliant
  • present time
44
Q

what are the usses of aggregated clinical data? give 3

A
  • familiarity with the nature of health records
  • concept extraction
  • classification
45
Q

familiarity with the nature of health records includes

A

billing code, and other structured data

46
Q

concept extraction of clinical data includes

A
  • issues on identification of unstructured data
  • requires mapping and going over with the meta-data
47
Q

classification of clinical data includes

A
  • categorizing data into two or more categories
48
Q

what are the three future trends of HIT?

A
  • gains popularity nowadays among physicians
  • must augmented human cognition and abilities
  • must embrace paradigm shifts
49
Q

these are observations reflecting differences in the world

A

data

50
Q

this is a meaningful data or facts from which conclusions can be drawn

A

information

51
Q

an information that is justifiably believed to be true

A

knowledge

52
Q

what is the domain of information technology professionals and computer scientists

A

data

53
Q

what is the domain of informatics and informaticians

A

information and knowledge

54
Q

what helps convert data into information?

A

vocabularies

55
Q

what is the core concern of informaticians?

A

transformation of data into information and knowledge

56
Q

what should match to get useful answers from the computer?

A

matching of real world, conceptual model, and computational model

57
Q

is there a large “semantic gap” between health data and health information?

A

yes.

Medical Informatics (2 decks)

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