Health & Wellness Flashcards
An objective state of ill health & the pathological process of which can be detected by medical science
Disease
A subjective experience of loss of health
Illness
An objective process characterized by functional stability, balance and integrity
Health
A subjective experience
wellness
“A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
WHO definition of health
What are the classifications of health conceptualizations?
- Health as stability
- Health as actualization
- Health as actualization and stability
- Health as resource
- Health as unity
The maintenance of physiological, functional, & social norms, and encompasses views of health as a state, as a process, as adaptation, and as homeostasis.
Health as stability
The actualization of human potential.
Health as actualization
The realization of human potential through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others, while adapting to meet the demands of everyday life and maintain harmony with the social and physical environments
Health as actualization and stability
Capacities to fulfill roles, meet demands, and engage in activities of everyday living.
Health as resource
Reflecting the whole person or process as is synonymous with self-transcendence
Health as unity
What is the medical approach?
Represents stability orientation to health and emphasizes that medical intervention restores health.
What are physiological risk factors?
Physiologically defined characteristics that are precursors to or risk factors for disease
Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, genetic predispositions are all examples of what?
Physiological risk factors
What is the behavioral approach?
Further improvements in the environment, reductions in self-imposed risks, and a greater knowledge of human biology
exploring health determinants such as lifestyle, environment, human biology, and organization of health care is called what?
Health field concept
Smoking, substance abuse, lack of exercise, and unhealthy diets are examples of what?
Behavioral risk factors
an approach that places responsibility for ones health on the individual
Behavioral approach
What approach determines that health is closely tied to social structures like poverty, air pollution, and poor water quality?
Socioenvironmental approach
What are the prerequisites for health?
- Peace
2.Shelter - Education
- Food
- income
- A stable ecosystem
- sustainable resources
- social justice
- Equity
Complex psychological experiences resulting from social circumstances that include isolation, lack of social support, limited social networks, low self-esteem, self-blame, and low perceived power describe what risk factors?
Psychosocial risk factors
Social & environmental living conditions that include poverty, low educational or occupational status, dangerous/stressful work, dangerous physical environments, pollution, discrimination, relative political or economic powerlessness, and inequalities of income/power are examples of what risk conditions?
Socioenvironmental risk conditions
What approach uses the entire range of known individual and collective factors & conditions that determine population health status and interactions among them, are taken into account in planning action to improve health
The population health approach
What are the key determinants identified in the strategies for population health report?
- Income & social status
- Social support networks
- Education
- Employment and working conditions
- Physical environments
- Biology and genetic endowment
- Personal health practices and coping skills
- Healthy child development
- Health services.
What 4 prerequisites did the Jakarta declaration add to the Ottawa Charter?
- Empowerment of women
- Social security
- Respect for human rights
- Social relations
How can social determinants of health be defined?
The economic and social conditions that shape the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions as a whole & determine the extent to which a person possess the physical, social, and personal resources to identify and achieve personal aspirations, satisfy needs, and cope with the environment
What is the term for differences in health statuses among different population groups?
Health disparities
What does PHAC stand for?
Public Health Agency of Canada
Income and social status, Social support networks, Education and literacy, Employment and working conditions, Physical environments, Biological and genetic endowment, Individual health practices and coping skills, Healthy child development, Health services, Gender, Culture, and social environments are all examples of what?
Determinants of health
Which determinant of health is the greatest?
Income and social status
What is health literacy?
Focuses on functional literacy reading and math ability and expands into interactive and critical literacy
What type of literacy allows you to apply new information to changing circumstances?
Interactive literacy
What is critical literacy?
Ability to critically analyze information and to apply this information to exert greater control over life events and situations
Food insecurity pertains to what?
The limited or uncertain availability of nutritious foods
What does SUID stand for?
Sudden Unexpected Infant Death
What does MVPA stand for?
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
An ideology that either directly or indirectly asserts that one group is inherently superior to others
Racism
The process by which societies construct races as real, different, and unequal in ways that matter to economic, political and social life
Racialization
What is health promotion?
Directed towards increasing the level of well-being and self-actualization
What is disease prevention?
Action to avoid or forestall illness and/or disease.
What are examples of primary prevention?
- Immunization
- reduction in risk factors
- Preventative screening for cancer
- Blood pressure screening
- Blood glucose screening
These are all examples of what type of preventon?
Secondary prevention
What is an example of tertiary prevention?
Cardiac rehabilitation program
What is the purpose of health promotion strategies?
To enhance health
How many health strategies did the Ottawa charter identify?
5
What are the 5 health promotion strategies?
- Build healthy public policy
- Create supportive environments
- Strengthen community action
- Develop personal skills
- Reorient health services
The Lalonde report is significant in that it was first to emphasize what?
A behavioral approach to health
What is the “watershed” document that marked the shift from a lifestyle to a socioenvironmental approach to health
Ottawa Charter
From a socioenvironmental perspective what are the major determinants of health?
Psychosocial risk factors and socioenvironmental risk conditions
What is the main reason that intersectoral collaboration is a necessary strategy to reach the goal of Health for all?
The determinants of health are broad
Providing immunizations are an example of what?
Primary Prevention
The belief that health is primarily an individual responsibility is more congruent with which approach to health?
Behavioral
Which is the most influential health determinant?
Income and Social status
At what are health promotion activities aimed?
Increasing the level of well-being
