Health Test (9/11)

Question 1

What is first aid?

Answer 1

First aid is the initial care of a suddenly sick or injured person

Question 2

What are the “5 Ps” or 5 aims of first aid?

Answer 2

To preserve life
To prevent the casualty from further harm
To protect the unconscious
To promote the casualty’s full recovery
To proceed in medical aid

Question 3

Why is it important to learn first aid?

Answer 3

It is a rare life skill
Injuries that require first aid are a leading cause of death
Hundreds of everyday situations require first aid
The skills could make the difference between life and death

Question 4

Name conditions that may require first aid

Answer 4

Allergic reaction, asthma attack, choking, dislocation, epileptic seizures, stroke, heart attack

Question 5

List two emergency numbers

Answer 5

000 (Australia) and 112 (International)

Question 6

Describe the Chain of Survival

Answer 6

Early access (an ambulance or medical professional is called), Early CPR (CPR within the first 4 minutes), Early defibrillation, Early advanced care (Professional medical treatment)

Question 7

What does DRSABCD stand for

Answer 7

Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, CPR and Defibrillation

Question 8

How is CPR performed on an adult?

Answer 8

Find the center of the chest, give 30 compression 1/3 chest depth, using two interlocked hands, followed by 2 breaths.
Tilt head and pinch nose, seal your mouth over their mouth fully and blow.

Question 9

How is CPR performed on a young child or toddler?

Answer 9

Find the center of the chest, give 30 compression 1/3 chest depth, using one hands, followed by 2 breaths.
Tilt head and pinch nose, seal your mouth over their mouth fully and blow.

Question 10

How is CPR performed on an infant or baby?

Answer 10

Find the center of the chest, give 30 compression 1/3 chest depth, two fingers or thumbs, followed by 2 breaths.
Do not tilt head, place mouth over mouth and nose and use a small puff

Question 11

When is the recovery position used?

Answer 11

If someone is unresponsive but breathing, put them in the recovery position

Question 12

Describe the process of the recovery position

Answer 12

1) Place the casualty flat on their back (remove any bulky items on their person)
2) Place the arm nearest to you at a right angle; elbow bent, palms facing upward
3) Bring their other arm across their chest and place the back of their hand against the cheek nearest you
4) Pull their far knee up so that their foot is flat on the floor
5) Pulling on the far leg, roll the casualty towards you
6) Lift the casualty’s chin to ensure the airway stays open

Question 13

What is medical shock?

Answer 13

Shock occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow

Question 14

Describe the symptoms of shock

Answer 14

Symptoms include pale, cold and wet skin, an altered confused or aggressive conscious state, a heart rate exceeding 100 bpm and breathing over 20 per minute.

Question 15

What is external bleeding?

Answer 15

External bleeding is obvious and apparent and usually seen in the form of cutting or tearing of the skin

Question 16

What is internal bleeding

Answer 16

Internal bleeding is not apparent but may show up later in the form of a bruise, nose bleed etc.

Question 17

How can bleeding be treated?

Answer 17

• Apply direct pressure to the wound using a pad or dressing and bandage firmly in place
• Raise the injured area above the heart reduce the flow of blood to that area
• Keep the casualty rested and the injured part immobilised
• Treat for shock and seek medical attention for large wounds or if a large amount of blood has been lost.

Question 18

How do you treat nose bleeds?

Answer 18

• have the casualty pinch the fleshy part of the nose just below the bone
• have the casualty lean slightly forward
• maintain this posture for at least 10 minutes
• 20 minutes or more may be needed in hot weather or after exercise
• apply cool compress to over the nose, neck and forehead
• if bleeding persists, obtain medical aid

Question 19

Describe the different degrees of burns

Answer 19

First degree = Causes damage to the first layer of skin
Second degree = Causes damage to the first and second layer of skin
Third degree = Causes damage to the first and second layer of skin as well as the underlying tissue and nerves

Question 20

How do you treat burns?

Answer 20

• Remove jewellery
• Cool burn down (20 minutes under cold running water)
• Cover wound with lint-free cloth or glad wrap

Question 21

What are the three types of fractures?

Answer 21

Open Fracture = Where the bone has broken through the skin
Close Fracture = Where there are no external wounds
Complicated Fracture = Where the fractured bones have damaged the organs

Question 22

How can fractures be treated?

Answer 22

Fractures need urgent medical treatment however first aiders may assist by reducing movement via a natural splint.

Question 23

What does RICER stand for in relation to soft tissue injuries?

Answer 23

R est
Discontinue using the injured body part
I ce
Apply ice pack to injured part
C ompression
Apply a firm, wide bandage over the injured area, as well as above and below
E levation
Elevate the injured part higher than the heart. This will help reduce pain, swelling and bruising.
R eferral
Be checked by a doctor mg