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Health and Fitness > Health Test 1. > Flashcards

Health Test 1. Flashcards

0
Q

Macro nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, Fats, Protein

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1
Q

Fiber

A

Indigestible Carbohydrate - potential cancer preventer

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2
Q

Function of carbs

A

Provides energy for cells

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3
Q

Functions of fats

A

amount of energy, protects organs and provides insulation.

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4
Q

Functions of protein

A

Provides amino acids for tissue repair and maintenance.

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5
Q

Micro nutrients

A

Vitamins, Minerals and Water

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6
Q

Functions of vitamins

A

Organic substances needed by all cellls in small amounts to perform specific metabolic functions.
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7
Q

Function of minerals

A

Metallic elements vital for proper cell function.

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8
Q

Function of water

A

Necessary for life and all cell functions.

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9
Q

3 nutrients that must be broken down before absorbed.

A

Macro nutrients: Carbohydrates, Fats and Protein.

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10
Q

In the metabolic process carbohydrates break down into?

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A

Glucose

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11
Q

In the metabolic process fats break down into?

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A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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12
Q

In the metabolic process protein breaks down into?

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

Nutrient the body cannot do without?

A

Water

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14
Q

How many calories per gram in each macro nutrient?

A

Carbohydrates and Protein = 4 calories per gram
Fats= 9 calories per gram
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15
Q

Two types of vitamins

A

Water soluble - not stored
Fat soluble - stored
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16
Q

What percent of the body is water

A

60%-70%

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17
Q

Formula for how much water should be consumed daily?

A

1/2 ounce per pound of body weight; or half your weight in ounces.
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18
Q

Glucose is stored in the body in what form?

A

Glycogen

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19
Q

Body’s first fuel of choice.

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A

Carbohydrates

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20
Q

Body’s second fuel of choice.

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A

Fats

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21
Q

Body’s third fuel of choice.

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A

Protein

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22
Q

Where digestion begins.

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A

The mouth

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23
Q

Enzymes

A

Substances promoting or initiating chemical reactions in the body. (Catalyst= speeds up reactions)
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24
Q

Synonymous name for gastrointestinal tract?

A

Alimentary canal - the muscular tube food travels through in the body.
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25
Q

Accessory organs

A

Organs outside the alimentary canal performing a function in digestion; kidneys, liver, pancreas and gall bladder.
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26
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike circular muscle contractions occuring throughout the Alimentary canal.
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27
Q

Bolus

A

Round ball of food leaving the mouth.

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28
Q

Rugae

A

Folds or creases in the stomach lining.

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29
Q

Gastric pits

A

Located in the stomach; producing hydrochloric acid.

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30
Q

Chyme

A

Creamy mass of food created in the stomach; the end product of digestion in the stomach.
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31
Q

Bile

A

Emulsifies fat; stored in the gall bladder.

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32
Q

Metabolism

A

All biochemical processes necessary for life.

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33
Q

Metabolic rate

A

Rate at which calories are burned.

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34
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate

A

Rate of calories burned at rest.

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35
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process by which food fragments are converted to energy in the cell.
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36
Q

Essential amino acids and non-essential amino acid difference.

A

essesential; not produced by the body
non-essential; produced by the body
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37
Q

Functions of the liver

A

Stores vitamins; filters toxins; converts glucose to glycogen; produces bile salts; maintains body’s balance of sugar.
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38
Q

Atp

A

Adenosine Triphosphate: Energy storage molecule.

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39
Q

Adp

A

Adenosine Diphosphate; combines with free phosphate to produce ATP, creating energy.
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40
Q

Catabolism

A

The breaking down phase of metabolism.

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41
Q

Anabolism

A

The building up phase of metabolism.

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42
Q

Thyroid

A

Regulates metabolism

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43
Q

Submandibular, Sublingual and Parotid glands

A

Salivary glands; secrete saliva.

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44
Q

Factors affecting metabolism or weight.

A

Gender, height, weight, activity level, age, diet.

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45
Q

Cholesterol

A

Fat in the blood.

46
Q

Hdl

A

HDL High density lipoprotein = healthy cholesterol;
(the spatula)
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47
Q

Ldl

A

Low density lipoprotein = lousy cholesterol
(the patch)
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48
Q

Desireable cholesterol number.

A

less than 200

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49
Q

Ideal blood pressure

A

115/75

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50
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

120/80

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51
Q

Systolic number

A

The top number in blood pressure; pressure in the arteries when the heart beats.
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52
Q

Diastolic number

A

The bottom number in blood pressure; pressure in the arteries between beats.
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53
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

A collection of health risks increasing the chance of developing heart disease.
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54
Q

Cardiovascular disease:

A

Disease affecting the heart and/or blood vessels.

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55
Q

3 non-modifiable risk factors for heart disease.

A

Heredity, age and male.

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56
Q

6 modifiable risk factors for heart disease.

A

High Blood pressure, diabetes, inactivity, not smoking, high cholesterol, obesity/overweight.
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57
Q

Heart size

A

The size of your fist

58
Q

What jumpstarts metabolism? .

A

Breakfast

Health and Fitness (7 decks)

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