Health - Substance Abuse | Test #2 Flashcards
What age do you have to be to buy Alcohol in Ontario?
19
How do you create Ethanol?
ferment sugars with yeast
What is the addictive substance in Tobacco products?
nicotine
What is the active ingredient in Marijuana that causes mind-altering effects?
thc
What does CBD stand for?
Cannabidiol
Marijuana Background
Marijuana is derived from cannabis plants that were first grown in Central Asia
Their original purpose was for herbal medicines,
and the use of hemp (non-medicinal cannabis plants) was used to create clothing and other textile materials
Cannabis plants were exported to other parts of the world, and roughly 2.5% of the world’s population consumes cannabis now
Much of the world still regards Marijuana to be an illegal drug, but countries such as Canada,
South Africa, Uruguay, and some states in the US have legalized the use of marijuana for personal reasons
Science behind Marijuana
The active ingredient in marijuana that produces mind-altering effects is Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Early medicinal uses for marijuana found that it helps lessen stomach pains and nausea in patients experiencing these ailments, and helped promote the appetites of patients
Depending on the amount of THC, a person can experience relaxation and/or euphoria (high) with the consumption of marijuana
Cannabis is often smoked, but it can also be consumed through capsules, edibles, and teas
Side Effects of Marijuana Use
One visible side effect is the Reddening of the Eyes
This is caused by the dilation of blood vessels in the eyes, which stems from THC binding with Cannabinoid Receptors
A corollary side effect is Dizziness
This is caused by the lowering of blood pressure due to the dilation of the blood vessels within the body
Impaired Motor Skills is another side effect
The coordination and reaction times of Marijuana users will be impaired due to the effects of THC to certain receptors in the Brain
Short-Term Memory will often be affected by Marijuana use as the Hippocampus in the Brain is affected by the THC interference
Hallucinations can also occur as the Brain receives altered impulses from the Body, which it can translate into imaginary sensations
Cannabidiol
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a chemical found in cannabis plants that is similar to THC, but does not provide any euphoric sensations
Proponents of CBD describe that CBD can help individuals with anxiety and neurological conditions such as seizures
The World Anti-Doping Agency removed CBD from their banned list of substances for athletes
In Canada, only licensed retailers of CBD and other cannabis-based products can sell CBD products, and the minimum age to purchase CBD products is 19 years of age in Ontario
What do mushrooms growing on or around trees mean?
The growth of mushrooms and other fungi on the surface of the tree usually is a sign that the tree’s bark is decaying
Mushrooms and fungi growing near the base of the tree is a sign that there might be root issues with the tree
Psilocybin Background
Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic drug that is produced by different species of fungus
This is why Psilocybin is often called Magic Mushrooms
These species of fungus can be found throughout Europe,
North America, South America, and Asia
There is evidence of ancient civilizations such as the Mayans and the Aztecs using the fungi in religious ceremonies
Psilocybin Bodily Effects
Psilocybin produces hallucinations,
distortions of reality and time, and possible nausea, paranoia, and panic attacks
The chances of overdosing or dying from Psilocybin is low, but because of its hallucinogenic properties they are illegal in Canada
Minimum legal drinking age in ontario
19
It was 21 until 1970 where they lowered it to 18
Then in 1979 it was raised to 19 years
What is the “Alcohol” in alcoholic drinks
Ethanol
Ethanol
The “alcohol” in alcoholic drinks
Created by fermenting sugars with yeast
It is flammable, and is used as an additive in gasoline
What are the 3 main categories of consumable alcohol?
Beers, Wines, and Spirits
How are beers made?
From the fermentation of grains like malted wheat and malted barley
Why are Hops added to beers?
Hops are added as a stabilizing ingredient, and to add flavor to the beer
Why are yeasts added to beers?
Yeasts are added to break down the sugars through fermentation, producing carbon dioxide and alcohol
How can the alcohol percentage of beers be increased?
Added sugars
How is wine produced?
Wine is mainly produced from the fermentation of grapes or other fruits
How is the Red Wine variety produced?
Although it is produced from darker colored grapes, it is the skin of the grape that ultimately produces the color of the wine
How is the White Wine variety produced?
From the lighter colored grapes, and it mainly gets its color from the pulp of the grape
Examples of non-fruit wines
Honey Wine or Mead
