Health SEM EXAM 1 Flashcards
Treatment of disease in ancient times was directed towards what?
Eliminating evil spirits
Who was the “Father of Medicine”?
Hippocrates
What period was considered the “Rebirth of the science of Medicine”?
Renaissance
This person’s studies formed the basis for Psychology and Psychiatry
Sigmund Freud
What year was the first Kidney transplant in Humans performed?
1950
Who is considered the mother of modern nursing?
Florence Nightingale
Hantavirus, SARS, and_____ are viruses capable of causing a_____
Money Pox, Pandemic
The CAM therapy that uses special machines which produce negatively charged air particles or ions to treat common respiratory disorder is?
Ionization therapy
Rene Laennec was the inventor of what?
Stethoscope
Dorthea Dix was appointed superintendent of what?
Army nurses
What is the Anatomical Position?
Standing erect, facing forward, arms at your side and palms forward.
Distinguish between Anatomy and Physiology.
Anatomy is focused on the structure of the Human Body
Physiology is focus on the function of the Human Body
Name one organ for the 5 cavities - Abdominal, Pelvic, Cranial, Vertebral, Thoracic
Abdominal: Bladder, urethra Pelvic: Reproductive Organs
Cranial: BrainVertebral: Spinal Cord
Thoracic: Heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus
a descriptive term meaning below something; towards the feet (human)
Inferior
broad, thin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Diaphragm
the bellybutton is in what descriptive term relative to the backbone
Anterior
a descriptive term meaning “to the side”, relative to the midline
Lateral
a plane that separates the anterior from the posterior (human)
Frontal
a plane that separates the body into equal left and right halves
Mid-sagittal
a descriptive term which means closer to the point of attachment
Proximal
The body system that protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration is the
Integumentary
What are the four main groups of tissues?
Nerve, connective, epithelial, and muscle
The skin has the ability to synthesize what vitamin?
Vitamin D
What are the functions of the skin?
Production, Eliminates Waste, and Regulates
Temperature
What does NOT determine skin color?
Lactic acid
What is the name of the connective tissue membrane found lining the joint cavities
Synovial
Blood vessels in the skin will ____________________ to help release excess heat.
Dilate
Caused by a Pathogenic organism such as a bacteria or virus.
Infectious
Transmitted from parents to child genetically.
Inherited
Acquired during development of the infant in the uterus and present at birth.
Congenital
Caused by deterioration of the function or structure of body tissues and organs, either by normal aging or lifestyle choices
Degenerative
What is the order of the vertebrae from bottom to top?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum,
Coccyx
What are the abnormal curvatures of the spine and their differences.
Lordosis – swayback;
Kyphosis – Humpback; Scoliosis – Lateral curvature
Know the definitions of the following types of fractures:
Compound – open, pierces the skin, Simple – closed, doesn’t break skin, Transverse – breaks perpendicular, and spiral – bone twist
How many vertebrae are there? There are 5 sections.
7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 1
Sacrum and 1 Coccyx
What is the name of the Shaft of a bone?
Diaphysis
Where is Yellow Marrow stored?
Medullary Canal
Know the difference between the Axial and Appendicular skeleton.
Axial forms trunk of body,
Appendicular forms the appendages
What comes after a root word?
Suffix
What is the suffix which means cutting or making an incision?
-tomy
What are the combinations used to build a word?
Prefix+root+suffix; Root+suffix; Prefix+root
What must be included in every word?
Root word
__________ is when the joint angle increases
Extension
How are anatomical terms used in the health industry?
to describe location, conditions and
procedures
An __________ is commonly added between word parts.
Combining vowel
What is the plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves
Mid-sagittal
How does the muscular system maintain homeostasis?
Shivers to maintain heat
Which type(s) of muscle produces movement voluntarily?
Skeletal
What is Actin & Myosin.
Made of proteins, make up myofilaments, involved in sliding
filament theory
How many muscles does the human body consist of?
650-700
ATP provides _______________ for muscle contractions
Energy
The point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeleton muscle is known as what?
Neuromuscular Junction
The Endocrine system allows for maintenance of internal
Homeostasis
Hormones usually only affect a limited number of _________ cells.
Target
What are some activities controlled by Hormones?
Mood, sleep, growth & development,
reproduction, use and storage of energy
The Pituitary gland, also known as the ______ gland, communicates with what part to
control many body activities?
Master
What causes Dwarfism?
Under-production of growth hormones during childhood
What Hormone is produced by the thyroid gland that regulates growth and development?
Thyroxine
Hyperthyroidism causes weight _____ and Hypothyroidism causes weight ______.
Loss, gain
What type of Diabetes is onset at a young age, and what is the required treatment?
Type 1, required treatment is Insulin
The Pineal gland regulates what?
Sleep and wake cycle (Circadian Rhythm)
What hormones are released by the Adrenal glands in emergencies or stressful situations?
Adrenaline (epinephrine) & Norepinephrine
When homeostasis is ________, the body has _______.
Imbalanced, disease
What is produced by the Lymphatic organs to fight infection?
White Blood Cells
What Lymphatic organ functions to destroy worn out blood cells?
Spleen
What is Lymph?
Excess tissue fluid carried by Lymphatic vessels
What two Lymphatic organs shrink with age?
Adenoids and Thymus
Hives, itching, Dizziness, difficulty breathing and swelling are all symptoms of what?
Allergies
What are three examples of auto-immune diseases?
Multiple sclerosis, Juvenile Diabetes,
and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Disease transmission can occur during what period?
Incubation
What do Bacteria lack?
Nucleus or Organelles
Viruses rely on what to replicate?
Host cell
What prevents a viral infection?
Vaccines
Viruses that are too strong and fast can lead to what?
Pandemics
What has led to antibiotic resistance?
Overprescribing Antibiotics
Infectious disease can be transmitted 5 ways. Coughing and sneezing are an example of what
way of being spread?
Indirect Contact
What are small masses of Lymphatic tissue around the Pharynx?
Tonsils and Adenoids
What might Lymph contain?
WBC, Bacteria, Viruses, Cancer cells and cell debris
