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BN1 > Health Science 1 > Flashcards

Health Science 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

Colloids

A

particles that are too big to dissolve

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3
Q

Hypo/hypernatremia

A

Sodium content in blood

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4
Q

Hypo/hypercalcemia

A

Calcium content in blood

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5
Q

Hypo/hyperkaltremia

A

Potassium content in blood

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6
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone, released by pituitary gland, reduces urine production to retain fluids

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7
Q

Micturition

A

Bladder emptying

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8
Q

Types of bacteria and what they look like

A

Bacilli, Cocci

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9
Q

Process and purpose of forming endospores

A
  • dna is replicated
  • spore septum separates copies
  • series of layers form around new dna
  • endospore released from cell, cell dies
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10
Q

Gram +

A

Thick cell wall, stains purple

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11
Q

Gram -

A

Thin cell wall, stains pink

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12
Q

Staph

A

Clusters of bacteria

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13
Q

Strep

A

Chains of bacteria

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14
Q

bacteria reproduction

A

binary fission

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15
Q

how viruses replicate

A
  1. virion attaches to host cell
  2. cell penetrated and dna/rna of virus is uncoated
  3. protein synthesis occurs and protein coats and gentic material is made
  4. new viruses are assembled in the cell
  5. viruses released, host cell dies
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16
Q

Protozoa

A
  • Unicellular, may be parasitic

- Classified by the way they move

17
Q

Helminths

A

Worms, common cause of infection

18
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Outside of the body e.g. mites, lice

19
Q

Sterile areas of body

A

Blood, foetus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, cavities in serous membranes

20
Q

Endogenous infection

A

source of infection is the human host e.g. normal flora, e. coli from colon causing UTI

21
Q

Exogenous infection

A

caused by organisms in the environment e.g. giardia infection from contaminated water

22
Q

Localised infection

A

pathogens are confined to original site

23
Q

Disseminated infection

A

pathogens spread to other parts of the body

24
Q

Systemic infection

A

pathogens spread through the blood, multiple organs are affected e.g. infection caused by a graze may result in cellulitis (tissue infection) and spreads to the lymph system, then this joins the circulatory system
As systemic infection spreads and affects other organ systems it is now a disseminated infection

25
Q

Mixed infection

A

some organisms provide a favourable environment for another organism e.g. vaginal thrush causes by the destruction of bacterial normal flora and fungi takes over, broad spectrum antibiotics can cause this

26
Q

Superinfection

A

caused by destruction of normal flora

27
Q

Subclinical infection

A

host shows no symptoms but antibodies are present (like a vaccine)

28
Q

Persistent infection

A

persist in the body for a long time after the symptoms have disappeared e.g. chronic infections

29
Q

Opportunistic infections

A

caused by an organism that does not usually cause infection e.g. candida causing thrush

30
Q

Disease process

A 
Incubation period
Prodromal period
Acute (invasive) phase
Decline phase
Convalescence phase
31
Q

Pathogenicity

A

the capacity of an organism to cause disease which depends on
- Ability to gain entry to host
- Ability to attach to host tissues and multiple
- Ability to evade host defences
Ability to damage tissues and produce disease systems

32
Q

Virulence

A

intensity of symptoms, factors include presence of capsule, enzymes and toxins

33
Q

Infective dose

A

number of organisms determine whether disease occurs

34
Q

Notifiable diseases

A

about 50 in NZ, reported to MoH, e.g. AIDs, TB

35
Q

Infectious vs. contaigous

A
  • Infectious diseases: more easily spread e.g. rheumatic fever, TB
    • Contagious diseases: very infectious diseases, easily spread
36
Q

Communicable vs. non-communicable

A
  • Communicable diseases: diseases spread from one host to the other e.g. STIs
    • Non-communicable disease: not spread from person to person, e.g. asthma, hay fever, cancer

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