HEALTH SAC NOTES Flashcards
Smoking
Smoking speeds up the process of the hardening of the arteries.
This increases the risk of a blockage to blood vessels feeding the heart and brain.
Identification of a disease/injury
Contributes to heart attack or stroke.
Link to health status
Increases mortality rates and reduces life expectancy.
Alcohol
Contains Kilojoules, which if not used for energy will be stored as fat tissue.
Identification of disease/injury
Increases risk of type 2 diabetes.
Link to health status
Increases the rate of DALY.
Obesity
Excess body weight places extra strain on the spine and muscles in the back.
Identification of disease/injury
Contributes to high levels of back pain.
Link to health statues
Increases the burden of disease and morbidity.
Fruit - Identify disease/injury
- Raw fruits contain fibre,
- fibre removes waste from the bowels and keeps individuals regular.
- Under consumption can lead to constipation,
- long term can lead to bowel cancer.
Impact on health status
Increased mortality due to cancers (bowel).
Identify disease/injury (veggies)
- Vegetables are high in vitamin C which acts to strengthen the immune system,
- underconsumption of vegetables weakens the immune system,
- leaving individuals open to diseases such as COVID 19.
Impact on health status
Lower life expectancy and HALE due to weak immune system function.
Identify disease/injury (dairy)
Diary contains calcium that works to strengthen teeth Underconsumption means teeth are not as strong as they could be and increases the risk of dental cavities.
Impact on health status
Incidence of dental cavities.
Identify disease/injury. (fibre)
- Fibre travel through the digestive system without being absorbed by the body.
- This promotes feelings of fullness, which means that low intake can contribute to overeating and Obesity.
Impact on health status
Decreased HALE due to Obesity and related diseases.
Identification of disease/injury - Fats
Fats are energy dense and will contribute to weight gain if consumed too much.
Impact on health status
Increased morbidity due to Obesity.
Identification of disease/injury - Salt
Salt draws fluid out of the cells into the bloodstream. This increases blood volume (amount of blood) and blood pressure = high blood pressure. This causes Hypertension.
Link to health status
Increased mortality from hypertension causes heart failure, stroke and heart attack.
Identification of disease/injury - Sugar
Sugar is a type of carbohydrate. Sugars are energy dense and if consumed in excess, are stores as adipose tissues (fat).
Link to health status
Higher mortality due to deaths caused by Obesity linked conditions – CVD.
What is meant by ‘biological factors?
Biological factors relate to the structure of the cells, tissues, and systems of the body and how adequately they function.
A range of biological factors
- Body weight
- Age
- Blood pressure
Body weight Impact on health status
Excess body weight places a strain on the heart, increasing blood pressure and contributing to hypertension. Hypertension increases the incidence of heart attack and stroke, which leads to higher mortality rates and lower life expectancy.
Impact on health and wellbeing
People experiencing overweight or obesity may face social exclusion and discrimination, leading to low self-esteem, negatively impacting mental health and wellbeing.
Age impact on Health status
Aging increases the incidence and prevalence of a range of conditions including.
- Hearing loss
- Back and neck pain
- Diabetes
Impact on health and wellbeing
Negative impact on physical health and wellbeing:
* decreased levels of fitness, decreasing the ability to complete some activities, such as endurance events.
* reduced bone density contributing to an increased risk of fractures.
Blood pressure Impact on health status
Hypertension means the heart is working harder, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke, contributing to increased mortality rates and lower life expectancy.
Impact on health and wellbeing
Hypertension can cause a range of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, lack of energy and breathing difficulties, which impact physical health and wellbeing.
What is meant by ‘sociocultural factors?
Sociocultural factors relate to the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age.
A range of sociocultural factors
- Socioeconomic status (SES)
- Employment status
- Access to healthcare.
Socioeconomic status (SES) Impact on health status
Employment: Some occupations (including many trades) involve manual labour, which can increase the incidence of work-related injuries.
Impact on health and wellbeing
Income increases the ability of people to engage in social activities such as going out for dinner or going to the movies, which can promote social health and wellbeing.
Employment status Impact on health status
The rates of suicide, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease are higher for those who are unemployed leading to an increase rate of, YLL, YLD, morbidity, mortality and decreasing life expectancy.
Impact on health and wellbeing
An employee concerned about job security may begin to experience high levels of stress and anxiety before they even become unemployed impacting mental health and wellbeing.
Access to Healthcare Impact on Health status
Sociocultural barriers to health care can contribute to conditions going undiagnosed and untreated, which can result in a range of variations in health status, including higher mortality rates and lower life expectancy.
Impact on health and wellbeing
Lack of access to health care can also impact the dimensions of health and wellbeing because experiencing higher levels of ill health can lead to:
* a reduced ability to attend social events leading to a decline in the quality of relationships, impacting social health and wellbeing.
What is meant by ‘environmental factors?
Environmental factors relate to the physical features that surround us. These can be natural features or those built by people.
A range of environmental factors
- Work environment.
- Housing
- Climate and climate change.
Housing impact on health status
Ventilation and hygiene — inadequate housing has been linked to increased rates of morbidity from infectious and chronic diseases. For example, a house that is damp and has poor ventilation can promote the growth of mould, which can increase the risk of developing respiratory and asthma-related symptoms.
Impact on health and wellbeing
Security — having a house that is not seen as secure from intruders can promote fear among the residents and lead to high levels of stress and anxiety (mental health & wellbeing)
Work environment impact on health status
UV exposure — those working outdoors are more exposed to UV radiation. This can increase the risk of skin cancer among these workers (mortality, morbidity, YLL, YLD, life expectancy)
Impact on health and wellbeing
A work environment that contains hazards may increase levels of stress and anxiety (mental health & wellbeing) among employees if they are concerned about sustaining an injury.
Climate and climate change impact on health status
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels are comparatively high in Australia, contributing to Australia having the highest rates of skin cancer in the world.
Impact on health and wellbeing
Extreme weather events such as droughts and floods cause considerable stress and anxiety in affected areas. (mental health and wellbeing)
