Health psychology test Flashcards
MI in healthcare (Rollni)
Chapters 1 and 2 of “Motivational Interviewing in Healthcare” by Rollnick et al. (2022) introduce the concept of motivational interviewing (MI) as a patient-centered approach to foster change. It emphasizes the importance of forming a collaborative partnership, expressing empathy, supporting patient autonomy, and focusing on the patient’s own motivations for change. The text outlines practical strategies for engaging patients, focusing the conversation, evoking patient motivations, and planning for change. It also discusses the balance of change talk and sustain talk, highlighting how practitioners can guide patients towards articulating their own reasons for change.
MI in healthcare (Rollnic) Obliging people to change
When you stop trying to
oblige people to change
they become more open to
changing.
What Do Patients Want? MI in healthcare (Rollnic)
freedom of choice, They also want to
trust, to be heard—and understood—
MI guidelines
- You view them as people first, patients second.
- You place high value on connecting well.
- You work with their strengths, not only their problems or deficits.
- You champion choice and believe your patients are capable of
making wise decisions about their lives. - You offer advice rather than impose it.
What is health?
Health psychology is interdisciplinary, integrating knowledge from psychology, medicine, nursing, sociology, and public health to understand and improve health outcomes. It plays a crucial role in the healthcare system by addressing the psychological and behavioral aspects of health and illness, aiming to enhance the quality of life for individuals and communities.
How is Clinical Health Psychology Distinct from other terms?
- Names matter. Think about importance of the term “Clinical Psychology”
- CHP vs other terms
- Behavioral Medicine
- Medical Psychology
- Clinical Health Psychology (Belar & Deardorf, 2009)
- Clinical – applied practice not just research
- Health – breadth of the field (e.g., all health-related issues)
- Psychology – subspecialty within the field of clinical
psychology
What do health psychologists do?
Behavior and Health: Investigates the impact of lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise, and substance use, on overall health. Health psychologists develop interventions to encourage healthy behaviors and reduce harmful ones.
Etiology, health illness and dysfunction
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: Focuses on strategies to promote healthy living and prevent diseases through public health campaigns and education programs.
Why is biomedical model ill-suited to understanding illness
The biomedical model is ill-suited to understanding illness because it focuses solely on biological factors and neglects the psychological, social, and environmental influences on health. This narrow perspective overlooks the complex interplay of behaviors, emotions, and societal factors that significantly impact health outcomes.
Division of Health Psychology
The Division of Health Psychology focuses on applying psychological principles to understand and improve health behaviors, prevent illness, and enhance patient care by considering the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.
The need for health psychology
Changing patterns of illness, expand healthcare services, increased medical acceptance rise of integrated care
changing patterns of illness
leading causes of death changed to heart disease, cancer unintentional injuries compared to influenza tuberculosis
Expanded healthcare services
- The medical community has grown to value the role of psychology, whether it be to help with behavior management of health habits, managing pain, coping with comorbid anxiety and depression that often accompanies health disorders.
- Psychologists are often integrated into care teams andmedical settings
What is integrated care?
Integrated care refers to a coordinated approach that combines medical and mental health services to address the whole person’s health needs. This model emphasizes seamless collaboration among healthcare providers across different specialties to improve patient outcomes, enhance patient experience, and reduce healthcare costs.
Stigma definition
Stigma is the disapproval of, or discrimination against, individuals based on perceivable social characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of a society. Stigma often arises from misconceptions, prejudices, and ignorance, leading to exclusion, devaluation, and marginalization of individuals with certain health conditions, identities, or behaviors.
5 overlapping components
Labeling, stereotyping, separating, Status loss and discrimination, loss and power
Types of stigma
public stigma, self stigma, label avoidance, structural stigmas, courtesy stigma, stigma power, automatic stigma, multiple stigma
Types of stigma in healthcare
mental health conditions, infectious diseases, substance use disorders, weight, menstruation, STI, Skin disorder
Effects of stigma
reduced life opportunities, lower quality social relationships efforts to conceal, chronic stress, maladaptive emotional regulation, substance use
Self-stigma interventions
ACT, CBT, CT, narrative enhancement
Nutrient Functions
- Our body requires a balance of nutrients to function optimally.
- Macronutrients:
- Carbohydrates are our primary energy source, fueling everything from brain function to
muscular activity. - Proteins, composed of amino acids, are essential for tissue repair, immune function, and
enzyme and hormone production. - Fats, often misunderstood, are crucial for cell membrane integrity, energy storage, and
absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. - Micronutrients, although required in smaller amounts, are vital for disease prevention and the
maintenance of bodily functions. - Vitamins and minerals, which play roles in bone health, blood clotting, and maintaining the
health of our nervous and immune systems
Nutrition & Physical Health
Proper nutrition is the cornerstone of physical health. It supports various bodily systems,
notably cardiovascular health and immune function.
* A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can reduce the risk of
chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
* (e.g., Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish can reduce inflammation and lower the risk of
heart disease.)
* Malnutrition leads to a range of health problems.
* Undernutrition can weaken the immune system, making the body more susceptible to
infections.
* Overnutrition, often resulting in obesity, increases the risk of chronic illnesses.
Psychoneuroimmunology
This field examines the interaction between psychological processes, the nervous system,
and the immune system
