Health Psychology Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is the definition of Acute Pain?
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
Define Nociceptive Pain.
Pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors.
What characterizes Chronic Pain?
Pain that persists past normal healing time and lacks the acute warning function of physiological nociception, usually lasting or recurring for more than 3 to 6 months.
List the early theories of pain.
- Purely biomedical
- Pain arises from tissue damage
- Pain is an automatic response to an external stimulus
- Pain has a single cause
- Pain is not amenable to interpretation or appraisal
- Psychological states do not cause or influence pain
What are the three key observations that changed the perception of pain?
- Existence of chronic pain that does not respond to treatment
- Pain that persists beyond tissue damage
- Individual variability of pain experience
What does the Gate Control Theory (GCT) of Pain suggest?
Pain is a perception rather than a sensation, influenced by various factors including mood, behavior, and attention.
What are psychosocial factors in pain perception?
- Learning factors
- Emotional factors
- Cognitive factors
- Behavioral factors
What is classical conditioning in the context of pain perception?
Associating the experience of pain with a situation, such as going to the dentist.
What is catastrophizing?
A cognitive factor where individuals focus on threatening events, overestimate pain, and feel a lack of personal control.
Fill in the blank: Pain behavior includes _______.
[body posture, affected movement, avoidance of activities]
What are some common methods of pain assessment?
- Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
- McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)
- Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK)
- Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)
What is the Fear-Avoidance Model?
Beliefs are more strongly associated with disability than pain intensity, and targeting fear-avoidance is critical for treatment.
What is the role of psychology in chronic pain treatment?
- Improving physical and lifestyle functioning
- Engaging with physical rehabilitation
- Reducing drug side-effects and dependency
What is HIV?
A retrovirus (RNA) known as a lentivirus that requires contact with CD4 cells for transmission.
What are some beliefs about HIV/AIDS that can lead to higher infection rates?
- Low susceptibility beliefs
- Slow severity beliefs
- Unbalanced cost analysis regarding risky behavior
What is the significance of adherence to medication in HIV treatment?
Only 75% of patients receive HAART, with concerns about side effects and mistrust in doctors affecting adherence.
What psychological factors are linked to the progression of HIV?
- High stress linked to faster replication
- Negative predictions about HIV linked with disease progression
What are some psychological consequences of cancer?
- Lowered mood
- Depression in up to 20% of cancer patients
- Body image issues
- Benefit-finding and post-traumatic growth
What does palliative care aim to achieve?
- Affirm life and regard dying as a normal process
- Provide relief from pain and distressing symptoms
- Integrate psychological and spiritual aspects of care
What is the significance of social support in longevity for individuals with chronic illnesses?
Social support, perceived control over illness, and problem-solving behaviors are linked to higher longevity.
Fill in the blank: The ‘good death’ includes _______.
[knowing when death is coming, retaining control, affording dignity and privacy]
What is the impact of stress on cancer recurrence?
Severe stress is linked to earlier recurrence of cancer.
What is the role of cognitive responses in cancer treatment?
Fighting spirit is related to longer disease-free intervals.
What are common cognitive themes in pain management?
- Attention diversion
- Imagery re-scripting
- Challenging negative thoughts
