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Psychology BTEC unit 3 > health psychology > Flashcards

health psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Who defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing?

A

World Health Organisation (WHO)

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2
Q

What does the biomedical definition of health suggest?

A

there is a physical/biological cause of the illness, disease etc.
symptoms are physical

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3
Q

what does the biopsychosocial definition suggest?

A

this also focuses on factors like genes, stress and family life that could cause illness.
holistic approach

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4
Q

what is meant by ‘health as a continuum’ ?

A

health varies between 2 extremes and a whole spectrum in between

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5
Q

What is stress?

A

an emotional response to a threatening situation

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6
Q

what is a stressor?

A

a threat, and causes stress

  • physical stressors
  • psychological stressors
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7
Q

what are physical responses to stress?

A

increased heart rate

loss of appetite

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8
Q

what are the physical responses controlled by?

A

the nervous system

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9
Q

what system controlled stress and relaxation

A

autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

what part of the autonomic nervous system controls relaxation?

A

parasympathetic

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11
Q

what part of the autonomic nervous system controlled stress

A

sympathetic

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12
Q

what hormone does the HPA pathway release?

A

cortisol

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13
Q

what does cortisol do?

A
  • increases heart rate
  • hyperventilation
  • reduced appetite
  • increased memory formulation
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14
Q

what is addiction?

A

complex mental health disorder

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15
Q

what are physiological addictions?

A
  • cocaine
  • heroine
  • tobacco
  • caffeine
  • alcohol
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16
Q

what is behavioural addiction?

A
  • gambling
  • gaming
  • shopping
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17
Q

what are signs of physiological addiction?

A
  • withdrawal symptoms

- tolerance change

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18
Q

who stated that there were 6 components of addiction and in what year?

A

Griffiths, 2005

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19
Q

what are Griffiths (2005) 6 components of addiction?

A 
Salience               Starting 
Tolerance            To
Withdrawal          Win 
Relapse                Real
Conflict                Coinage 
Mood alteration  Mate
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20
Q

who developed the HBM?

A

Rosenstock (1966)

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21
Q

what does the HBM try to explain?

A

why people do or do not engage in healthy behaviour

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22
Q

what are the 3 questions in context of the HBM?

A

perceived seriousness
perceived susceptibility
cost-benefit analysis

23
Q

what are the strengths of the HBM?

A 
✅
practical 
williamson and Wardle (2002) 
HBM with bowel and colon cancer
increases validity

✅
developed by health professionals
based on real life experiences
credible explanation

24
Q

what are the weaknesses of the HBM?

A

❌
not every health researcher likes the model
Zimmerman and Vernberg (1994) says adding self efficacy and demographics changes the model

❌
rational decisions in health behaviour
incomplete model

25
Q

who studied mothers compliance to asthma treatment?

A

Becker et al (1978)

26
Q

how many mothers did he test the theory on?

A

111

27
Q

what 2 demographics were more inclined to obey treatment?

A

higher income

married mothers

28
Q

what was a strength in Becker’s theory?

A

✅
2 methods of data collected
self report from mothers and a blood sample

29
Q

what was a weakness in Becker’s theory?

A

❌interview conducted in life threatening conditions

components exaggerated by stress

30
Q

who looked at studies on the HBM?

A

Carpenter (2010)

31
Q

what did Carpenter (2010) study suggest the best way to predict behaviour change would be?

A

cost benefit analysis

32
Q

what was a strength of Carpenter’s study?

A

✅

valuable suggestions

33
Q

What was weakness of Carpenters study?

A

❌
self efficacy wasn’t assessed
he used outdated research

34
Q

Who proposed the concept of locus of control?

A

Rotter (1966)

35
Q

What is an internal locus of control?

A

people think they control what happens to them

36
Q

what is an external locus of control?

A

people believe things happen to them because of factors out of their control

37
Q

what are the strengths of loc?

A

✅
link between loc and conformity
Autgis (1998) highly external loc are more persuadable

✅
link between high internal loc and
health

38
Q

what were the weaknesses of loc?

A

❌
link to stress isn’t that simple
internal loc doesn’t prevent stress

39
Q

who proposed the theory of planned behaviour?

A

Ajzen (1991)

40
Q

what did the theory of planned behaviour explain?

A

how people can exercise control over their behaviour

41
Q

how can intention to change be seen?

A
  • personal attitudes
  • subjective norms
  • perceived behavioural control
42
Q

who tested the tpb as an explanation of health-decision making and relationship with stress?

A

louis et al (2009)

43
Q

what is self efficacy?

A

self belief

the ability to produce a desired or intended result

44
Q

who suggested that self efficacy is essential to our motivation to change behaviour?

A

Bandura (1977)

45
Q

what are the 4 main sources of awareness?

A
  1. mastery experiences
  2. vicarious reinforcement
  3. social persuasion
  4. emotional states
46
Q

who focused on the importance of life events?

A

Holmes and Rahe (1967)

47
Q

What scale did Holmes and Rahe develop?

A

social readjustment rating scale

48
Q

who looked at the impact of daily hassles?

A

lazarus et al (1980)

49
Q

who developed the hassles scale?

A

kanner et al (1981)

50
Q

how many daily hassles were out into 7 categories

A

117

51
Q

what are 2 common stressors in a work environment

A

temperature

noise

52
Q

why does level of control cause stress in a workplace?

A

employees left responsible without control

53
Q

what is an intra-role conflict?

A

employees have competing demands. tasks feel incomplete me or need to be completed together

54
Q

what is inter-role conflict?

A

employee has multiple competing demands. could find work conflicts with studies

Psychology BTEC unit 3 (1 decks)

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