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Health Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is health psychology?

A

Study of social, behavioral, cognitive and emotional factors that contribute to promote health

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2
Q

What is instrumental support?

A

Providing different types of resources, assisting with problems

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3
Q

True or false: perceived available support is a better predictor of wellbeing

A

True

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4
Q

What are the five illness cognitions dimensions?

A
  • Identity
  • Perceived cause of illness
  • Timeline
  • Consequences
  • Cure and control
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5
Q

What does the mode of Lazarus and Folkman state?

A

When there is a stressor:
Primary appraisal: harmful?
- No? —> no stress
- Yes?
Secondary appraisal: able to cope?
- Yes? —> no stress
- No? —> stress

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6
Q

What is the definition of a dispositional coping style?

A

Coping is a personality trait and a person uses the same coping style in different situations

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7
Q

What is the definition of a situational coping style?

A

A person has diverse coping styles and uses one or the other depending on the situation

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8
Q

What is the definition of this coping type: problem-focused

A

Try changing or eliminating the source of the stress

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9
Q

What is the definition of this coping type: emotion-focused

A

Regulate emotions (not changing the situation, but your reaction to the situation)

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10
Q

What is the definition of this coping type: approach based coping

A

Deal with the stressors and related emotions

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11
Q

What is the definition of this coping type: avoidance based coping

A

Attempts to escape from having to deal with the stressor

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12
Q

What are the goals of coping?

A
  • Recovery
  • Tolerate or adjust to negative events or realities
  • Maintain a positive self-image
  • Maintain emotional equilibrium
  • Continue satisfying relationships with others
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13
Q

What is the definition of: self-regulation

A

Efforts of humans to alter thoughts, feelings and desires away from short-term temptations and towards longer-term goals

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14
Q

What is the definition of: self-management

A

The ability of the individual to cope with symptoms, treatment, physical and social consequences of chronic illness and related changes in lifestyle

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15
Q

What is the definition of: self-monitoring

A

A person assessing the frequency of his/ her target behavior and the antecedants and consequences of that behavior. What am I doing?

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16
Q

What is the definition of: self-reaction

A

How do I feel and think about how I am doing?

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17
Q

What is the definition of: self-guidance

A

Being able to bring yourself to a goal

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18
Q

What is the definition of: self-efficacy

A

A person’s confidence that he/ she can perform certain behaviors

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19
Q

What is the definition of: self-evaluation

A

Collecting feedback on where one stands and how one is doing with respect to one’s goals. How am I doing relative to my goals?

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20
Q

True or false: self-management is formulated positively and coping can be formulated negatively and positively

A

True

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21
Q

What are the three phases in self-regulation?

A
  • Goal selection & goal setting
  • Active goal pursuit
  • Goal attainment & maintenance
22
Q

Give an example of an if-then plan

A

After I eat lunch, I take my medication

23
Q

What is the definition of: intentional non-adherence?

A

The patient consciously makes the decision not to adhere
- Creaive non-adherence: changing medication dose

24
Q

What is the definition of: non-intentional non-adherence

A

Goes by accident, forgetting to take medication

25
Q

Name the five determinant categories of adherence

A
  • Socio-economic
  • Health care and system
  • Condition
  • Therapy
  • Patient
26
Q

Describe this relationship: default

A
  • Patient control low
  • Physician control low
  • Neither takes an active role, the patient is often unware of what else is possible
27
Q

Describe this relationship: consumerism

A
  • Patient control high
  • Physician control low
  • Patient asks doctor for a prescription
28
Q

Describe this relationship: paternalism

A
  • Patient control low
  • Physician control high
  • ‘Old fashioned way’, where doctor takes an active role and the patient sits back
29
Q

Describe this relationship: mutuality

A
  • Patient control high
  • Physician control high
  • Together the doctor and the patient decide what the best option is for the patient
30
Q

Mistakes in communication of healtcare providers

A
  • Inattentiveness
  • Use of jargon
  • Baby talk
  • Non-person treatment
  • Stereotypes of patients
    Low SES patients
  • Less information provision
  • Less positive socio-emotional support
  • More directive, less participating style
31
Q

Mistakes in communication of patients

A
  • Neuroticism: exaggeration of symptoms
  • Anxiety: less attention
  • Low health literacy: difficulties in understanding
  • Embarrassment: not reporting important information
    Low SES patients
  • Asking less questions
  • Less effective expressiveness
  • Less opninion giving
    Non-native
  • Language difficulties
  • Not asking questions if something is unclear
  • Expectations of doctor not clear
32
Q

What are the four stages of motivational interviewing?

A
  • Engage, through having sensitive concersations with patients
  • Focus, on what’s important to the patient regarding behavior, health, and welfare
  • Evoke the patient’s personal motivation for change
  • Negotiate plans
33
Q

What is the definition of change talk?

A

Statements by the client revealing consideration of, motivation for, or commitment to change

34
Q

Functional health literacy

A

Basic skills in reading, writing and calculating

35
Q

Interactive health literacy

A

Communicative health literacy. Skills to participate actively, to extract health information, derive meaning from it and apply it to changing circumstances

36
Q

Critical health literacy

A

Critically analyzing and reflecting on information or advice. Use information to exert control over your own health

37
Q

What method could you apply to individuals with low health literacy?

A

Teach back method

38
Q

Teach back method

A
  • Confirming if your message is understood
  • Asking patients to explain in their own words what they need to know or to do
  • Indication how well you communicated, not a test of the patient
39
Q

Lapse

A

A first violation of the abstinence goal. A single setback, a mistake, slip

40
Q

Relapse

A

A full return to previous unhealthy behavior

41
Q

Maintenance

A

An action sustained over a certain period of time

42
Q

High risk situation

A
  • Negative feelings
  • Interpersonal conflicts
  • Social pressures
  • Positive emotional states (overestimate)
43
Q

Spirit of motivational interviewing

A
  • Acceptance
  • Collaboration
  • Evocation
  • Planning
44
Q

Core-set of skills of motivational interviewing

A
  • Open-ended questions
  • Affirmations
  • Reflections
  • Summarizing
45
Q

Model: Susan had diabetes and is losing weight. She exercises three times a week and eats healthy. She is very confident about her weight loss, because she knows what to do.

A

Increased self-efficacy because she has an effective coping response

46
Q

Model: Two days later, Susan feels somewhat depressed.

A

High risk situation

47
Q

Model: Susan eats two large pieces of chocolate cake.

A

Lapse

48
Q

Model: She ate those pieces of cake because she believed that doing that would make her feel better.

A

Positive outcome expectancy of unhealthy behavior

49
Q

Model: After she ate the cake, she felt guilty. Therefore, she continues eating the leftovers. She ruined her diet anyway.

A

Abstinence violation effect

50
Q

How do people get into high risk situations?

A
  • Lifestyle imbalance and stress (should and wants)
  • Desire for indulgence
  • Urges and cravings
  • Rationalization
  • Irrelevant decisions (“set-ups”)

Health Psychology (1 decks)

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