Health Protection Flashcards
chain of infection
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- agent
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- host
- person to person spread
- cycle continues
what are the types of transmission of infection?
- direct
- indirect
- airborne (respiratory route - TB, salmonella)
what are the types of direct transmission?
- direct - STIs
2. faeco-oral - Viral GE
what are the types of indirect transmission?
- vector borne - malaria, dengue
2. vehicle borne (contaminated medical equipment) - viral GE, Hep B
what is an incubation period?
time between when you pick up the germ and show symptoms?
what is a latent period?
when a person is infected but does not show symptoms
what is the infectious period?
when a person is infected and shows symptoms of the disease
how can you differentiate between bacterial and viral causes?
viral/toxin causes - immediate onset
bacterial - onset 1-2 days after being infected
what is an epidemic?
serious outbreak in a single community, population or region
what is a pandemic?
epidemic spreading around the world affecting hundreds of thousands of people, across many countries
which infectious diseases are notifiable?
anthrax, cholera, dysenty, leprosy, malaria, acute encephalitis, scarlet fever, viral Hepatits, opthalma neonatorum, typhoid, smallpox, ebola
what are the vaccine preventable notifiable diseases?
avute poliomyelitis diphtheria measles meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia mumps rubella tetanus whooping cough
which strain of influenza is the most dangerous and why?
influenza A
very unstable, mutates very frequently. invades immune system???
what is antigenic shift?
when gene swapping occurs and causes re-assortment of antigens
what are the types of influenza?
- seasonal influenza
- avian influenza (bird flu)
- swine flu
- pandemic influenza
what are the effects of pandemic flu?
- high morbidity
- excess morbidity
- social disruption
- economic disruption
how can bird flu be controlled?
- cull affected birds
- biosecurity and quarantine
- disinfecting farms
- control poultry movement
- vaccinate workers
- antivirals for poultry workers
- personal protective equipment
- try to reduce chance of co-infection
how is the containment phase of swine flu managed?
- identify cases
- treat cases
- contact tracing - family, airline passengers
- large scale prophylaxis
how is the treatment phase of swine flu managed?
treat cases only
national flu pandemic fever
how is infection controlled?
hand hygiene, cough etiquette PPE segregation of patients flu surgeries environmental cleaning
