Health Promotion (W2 13/12)

Question 1

LO’s

Answer 1

• Describe the need for considering health and disease at a population level
• Describe the role of Public Health in the planning and evaluation of health services
• Describe the importance, and challenges, of public involvement in health care decision-making including shared decision making
• Describe the models of health education and behaviour change

Question 2

Define health

Answer 2

• The absence of disease
• And complete physical, mental and social well-being

Question 3

Define Health Promotion

Answer 3

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health’

Question 4

How can health promotion happen according to Tannahil’s Model?

Answer 4

1. Disease Prevention: mass vaccination schemes; healthy hand washing to prevent infection spread; small pox is dead. Need upstream intervention: preventing people getting ill in the first place saves more. Prevention is cheaper than treatment.
2. Health Protection: safeguarding from all environmental (natural & man-made) hazards to health using legislation, plain packaging on cigarettes, no smoking indoors, speed bumps.
3. Health Education: propoganda about health information. Can target those most at risk with propoganda- young drivers.

Question 5

All health promotion interventions draw on theories of behaviour change

Answer 5

Three influential theories within recent public health police:

Prochaska’s Stages of Change

• Precontemplation: Individual has has no intention of changing.
• Contemplation: Individual recognizes the problem and seriously thinks about changing.
• Preparation for Action: Individual begins to make concrete plans for change
• Action: Individual enacts behaviour change(s).
• Maintenance: Individual maintains consolidates change.
• Relapse: built into the model. The individual returns to an earlier stage of the cycle, but not necessarily the first.

Rollnick model – motivational interviewing​ as a dr

1. Roll with resistance
2. Express empathy
3. Avoid argumentation
4. Develop discrepancy
5. Support self-efficacy

• Open-ended questions
• Listen reflexively (check, rather than assume)
• Affirm
• Summarise
• Elicit self-motivational statements

‘Nudge’ approaches (Thaler & Sunstein 2008)

• Soft nudge: not forcing people, as it is a nanny state (you can’t tell me what to do)
• Colour coding, more likely to pick green labels
• Bad example: children sweets at checkouts
• Serve drinks in smaller glasses

Question 6

Linking to diabetes

Answer 6

• 66% of adults are overweight or obese
• Diabetes UK say we need to implement these changes (notice they are not clinical, rather upstream prevention interventions):
• Making our food and drink healthier by reducing sugar, saturated fat and salt levels
• Strengthening restrictions on marketing to children on TV and online
• Increasing physical activity levels

Question 7

Name one part of health promotion according to Tannahil’s Model and describe it

Answer 7

Disease Prevention: mass vaccination schemes; healthy hand washing to prevent infection spread; small pox is dead. Need upstream intervention: preventing people getting ill in the first place saves more. Prevention is cheaper than treatment.