Health Promotion Terms

Question 1

Metaplasia

Answer 1

abnormal change in nature of tissue. reversible, benign. Squamous metaplasia - the process of change from columnar to squamous cells

Question 2

Dysplasia

Answer 2

pre-cancerous condition, detected by pap test. 100% curable. usually causes no symptoms.

Question 3

Hyperplasia

Answer 3

increase in reproduction in cells (excess tissue growth) often initial stage in development of cancer

Question 4

Transformation Zone

Answer 4

area between old and new SCJ. Take cells for pap test. HPV causes cervical cancer here and most abnormalities are thought to arise here.

Question 5

CIN

Answer 5

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia - aka cervical dysplasia development of abnormal cells in narrow neck of uterus (cervix), cell changes, pre-cancerous primarily caused by high risk HPV, not always.

Question 6

Endocervix

Answer 6

Opening of uterus, tissue surrounding the endocervical canal (connects vagina to uterus)

Question 7

Exocervix

Answer 7

portion of uterine cervix extending into vagina and lined with stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

Squamocolumnar junction

Answer 8

Sample this in pap test, where uterine cervix meets, has abrupt change in cell types

Question 9

Neoplasia

Answer 9

abnormal proliferation of benign or malignant cells. primary cause is HPV

Question 10

Interferon

Answer 10

Most common drug therapy for cervical cancer. Sometimes combined with chemotherapy. Side effects: flu-like symptoms, rash, anorexia, bruising.

Question 11

Amenorrhea

Answer 11

Primary: menstruation never occurs
Secondary: absence of menses for 3 months

Question 12

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 12

Rare vaginal cancer. Usually occurs in women over 50. Asymptomatic or abnormal vaginal bleeding. Tx: surgery, radiation.

Question 13

Squamous

Answer 13

very thin, flattened scaly tissue

Question 14

Epithelium

Answer 14

thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body’s surface

Question 15

Opportunistic infection

Answer 15

Infection caused by pathogens that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available such as weakened immune system or change in normal flora, pneumocystitis carnii pneumonia is most common

Question 16

Pneumonitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of walls of alveoli in lungs, usually caused by virus, parenchymal lung disease.

Question 17

Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 17

most common tumor found in HIV person. Painless, nonblanching, nonpruritic, initially light pink to deep purple. usually on face, eyes.

Question 18

Cervical dysplasia

Answer 18

No symptoms. Cell changes that may lead to neoplasia in HIV/AIDS person

Question 19

HIV encephalopathy

Answer 19

Most common neuro manifestation in HIV. Caused directly/indirectly by HIV or viral products. May progress to global dementia, disorientation, memory impairment, focal motor deficits. Occurs when opp. infection appears. Managed with retrovirals, safety, support, fever, mild met acidosis.

Question 20

HSV

Answer 20

Herpes Simplex Virus. May produce protein that enhances HIV replication.

Question 21

HAART

Answer 21

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Goal: delay progression, avoid drug resistance, decrease symptoms, prolong life. Treatment for HIV and AIDS

Question 22

Fibrocystic Breast

Answer 22

Occur in >50% of women. Benign. Causes a lot of anxiety due to fear of cancer. Important risk factor for later development of breast cancer. Early detection is key.
Fibrocystic changes - fluid-filled cysts

Question 23

MRI

Answer 23

Magnetic resonance screening. Detect advanced breast cancer.

Question 24

Mammography

Answer 24

Breast cancer screening (no s/s) or diagnosis (after lump has been detected). Initiate at age 40.
Avoid powder, deodorant, perfume. Take mild analgesic as needed.

Question 25

Fibroadenoma

Answer 25

Solid cysts composed of connective and glandular tissue

Question 26

Lipoma

Answer 26

Fat tumors

Question 27

Mastitis

Answer 27

bacterial infection most commonly associated with breast feeding

Question 28

Stereotactic Biopsy

Answer 28

Fine needle under guidance of mammographic xray

Question 29

Glactorrhea

Answer 29

Nipple discharge. Pregnancy, medication, tumor.

Question 30

Endometriosis

Answer 30

Intrauterine tissue growth outside of uterus. Most common 30s-40s. Symptoms: back and pelvic pain, bowel symptoms, dysuria, GI complaints, infertility, dyspareunia (difficult/painful sex)

Question 31

Leiomyoma

Answer 31

Fibroid tumors. Arise from uterine smooth muscle cells. Growth dependent on estrogen. Occur with increasing age. Regress after menopause. More common in African American women. Symptoms: uterine bleeding, pelvic pressure.

Question 32

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Answer 32

Most common endocrine d/o in reproductive women. Endocrine imbalance. Multiple ovarian follicular cysts and excessive estrogen. 75% of women experience menstrual irregularity. Symptoms: hirsutism, obesity, acne, infertility, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia.

Question 33

Molluscum Contagiosim

Answer 33

Disease of the vulva. Round, firm, painless bumps. Itchy, irritated, redness. wear cotton underwear and avoid douching.

Question 34

Paget’s Disease of the Mammory Glands

Answer 34

Chronic rash on nipple and aereolar tissue. Initiate biopsy to differentiate between other cancers or benign conditions.

Question 35

Breast Cancer risk factors

Answer 35

Advancing age is #1 risk factor.
Pregnancy after 30yo
Smoking, drinking, obesity
early menarche
late menopause