Health Promotion Terms Flashcards
Metaplasia
abnormal change in nature of tissue. reversible, benign. Squamous metaplasia - the process of change from columnar to squamous cells
Dysplasia
pre-cancerous condition, detected by pap test. 100% curable. usually causes no symptoms.
Hyperplasia
increase in reproduction in cells (excess tissue growth) often initial stage in development of cancer
Transformation Zone
area between old and new SCJ. Take cells for pap test. HPV causes cervical cancer here and most abnormalities are thought to arise here.
CIN
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia - aka cervical dysplasia development of abnormal cells in narrow neck of uterus (cervix), cell changes, pre-cancerous primarily caused by high risk HPV, not always.
Endocervix
Opening of uterus, tissue surrounding the endocervical canal (connects vagina to uterus)
Exocervix
portion of uterine cervix extending into vagina and lined with stratified squamous epithelium
Squamocolumnar junction
Sample this in pap test, where uterine cervix meets, has abrupt change in cell types
Neoplasia
abnormal proliferation of benign or malignant cells. primary cause is HPV
Interferon
Most common drug therapy for cervical cancer. Sometimes combined with chemotherapy. Side effects: flu-like symptoms, rash, anorexia, bruising.
Amenorrhea
Primary: menstruation never occurs
Secondary: absence of menses for 3 months
Adenocarcinoma
Rare vaginal cancer. Usually occurs in women over 50. Asymptomatic or abnormal vaginal bleeding. Tx: surgery, radiation.
Squamous
very thin, flattened scaly tissue
Epithelium
thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body’s surface
Opportunistic infection
Infection caused by pathogens that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available such as weakened immune system or change in normal flora, pneumocystitis carnii pneumonia is most common
Pneumonitis
Inflammation of walls of alveoli in lungs, usually caused by virus, parenchymal lung disease.
Kaposi Sarcoma
most common tumor found in HIV person. Painless, nonblanching, nonpruritic, initially light pink to deep purple. usually on face, eyes.
Cervical dysplasia
No symptoms. Cell changes that may lead to neoplasia in HIV/AIDS person
HIV encephalopathy
Most common neuro manifestation in HIV. Caused directly/indirectly by HIV or viral products. May progress to global dementia, disorientation, memory impairment, focal motor deficits. Occurs when opp. infection appears. Managed with retrovirals, safety, support, fever, mild met acidosis.
HSV
Herpes Simplex Virus. May produce protein that enhances HIV replication.
HAART
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Goal: delay progression, avoid drug resistance, decrease symptoms, prolong life. Treatment for HIV and AIDS
Fibrocystic Breast
Occur in >50% of women. Benign. Causes a lot of anxiety due to fear of cancer. Important risk factor for later development of breast cancer. Early detection is key.
Fibrocystic changes - fluid-filled cysts
MRI
Magnetic resonance screening. Detect advanced breast cancer.
Mammography
Breast cancer screening (no s/s) or diagnosis (after lump has been detected). Initiate at age 40.
Avoid powder, deodorant, perfume. Take mild analgesic as needed.
Fibroadenoma
Solid cysts composed of connective and glandular tissue
Lipoma
Fat tumors
Mastitis
bacterial infection most commonly associated with breast feeding
Stereotactic Biopsy
Fine needle under guidance of mammographic xray
Glactorrhea
Nipple discharge. Pregnancy, medication, tumor.
Endometriosis
Intrauterine tissue growth outside of uterus. Most common 30s-40s. Symptoms: back and pelvic pain, bowel symptoms, dysuria, GI complaints, infertility, dyspareunia (difficult/painful sex)
Leiomyoma
Fibroid tumors. Arise from uterine smooth muscle cells. Growth dependent on estrogen. Occur with increasing age. Regress after menopause. More common in African American women. Symptoms: uterine bleeding, pelvic pressure.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Most common endocrine d/o in reproductive women. Endocrine imbalance. Multiple ovarian follicular cysts and excessive estrogen. 75% of women experience menstrual irregularity. Symptoms: hirsutism, obesity, acne, infertility, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia.
Molluscum Contagiosim
Disease of the vulva. Round, firm, painless bumps. Itchy, irritated, redness. wear cotton underwear and avoid douching.
Paget’s Disease of the Mammory Glands
Chronic rash on nipple and aereolar tissue. Initiate biopsy to differentiate between other cancers or benign conditions.
Breast Cancer risk factors
Advancing age is #1 risk factor. Pregnancy after 30yo Smoking, drinking, obesity early menarche late menopause
