Health Promotion, Nursing Process & Care Plans Flashcards
What does healthy mean?
physical, mental, spiritual and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context
Epidemiology definition?
Study of health and disease in society
5 dimensions of health?
PIESS
Physical
Intellectual
Emotional
Social
Spiritual
Different concepts of health
Wellness, illness, disease, disability, and functioning
2 paradigms of nursing health
- Wellness-Illness Continuum
Health ranges from high-level wellness at the positive end to a depletion of health at the negative end.
- Developmental Perspective of Health
Wellness-Illness continuum
Wellness-Illness Continuum: Depicts the relationship between the opposing concepts of health and illness. In the wellness-illness paradigm, wellness involves an improved physical and mental health state. Whereas illness is a decrease in physical and mental health state.
Developmental Perspective of Health is?
Depicts the relationship between the person and the environment throughout the lifespan. In this paradigm, both behavioral and social mechanisms are viewed as a part of the health experience.
What are the 4 distinct models of health?
There are 4 distinct models of health.
- Clinical model
- Role performance model
- Adaptive model
- Eudamonistic model
Clinical Model: “Health is defined by the absence of illness”.
Role Performance Model: “Health is defined as the individuals ability to perform social roles.” “Illness is the failure to perform roles at the level of others in society.”
Adaptive Model: “Health is defined as the ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change.” “Illness is the failure to adapt.”
Eudaimonistic Model: “Health is defined as profound well-being in which there is a definite relationship between physical, social, psychological, spiritual, and the environment.” “Illness is a total lack of involvement in life; failure to thrive.”
Clinical model
Clinical Model: “Health is defined by the absence of illness”
Role performance model
Role Performance Model: “Health is defined as the individuals ability to perform social roles.” “Illness is the failure to perform roles at the level of others in society.”
Adaptive model
Adaptive Model: “Health is defined as the ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change.” “Illness is the failure to adapt.”
Eudamonistic model
Eudaimonistic Model: “Health is defined as profound well-being in which there is a definite relationship between physical, social, psychological, spiritual, and the environment.” “Illness is a total lack of involvement in life; failure to thrive.”
Disease
Disease is the physical or structural disturbance of cell structure.
Illness
Illness is the subjective experience and physical manifestation of the disease.
4 goals of Healthier People 2020
These 4 goals include health promotion and disease prevention.
- Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
- Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
- Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
- Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across the lifespan.
Equality vs Equity
Equality is giving everyone the same thing
Equity is fairness in every situation
3 Levels of prevention
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary prevention
Primary prevention precedes the disease or illness.
Primary interventions include health promotion such as education and health protections like immunizations.
Primary prevention also involves advocating for healthy public policies and electing public officials who will enact legislations that protect the health of the public.
The purpose of primary prevention is to decrease the populations vulnerability to disease.
Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention methods range from disease/illness screenings (mammograms, prostate exams, routine blood work, etc.) and treatment of early stages of disease to limiting disabilities by delaying disease advancement.
Screenings provide early detection and staging of diseases.
Nurses play a vital role in limiting disability since preventive measures are aimed at stopping the disease and preventing further complications.
Tertiary prevention
Tertiary prevention occurs when an illness or disease is permanent and irreversible.
Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing the effects of the disease through rehabilitation and treatments.
Nurses play a vital role in ensuring that people have access to all available services that will allow them to live at the most optimal level.
The Nurses Role in Health Promotion & Disease Prevention
Nurses play an active role in disease prevention and health promotion. “More than ever nurses are accountable morally, ethically, and legally for their professional behavior.”
Nurses assume a variety of roles in order to provide optimal care.
Advocate
Care Manager
Consultant
Deliverer of Services
Educator
Researcher
The Nursing Process
It is a systematic method that directs the nurse and patient in planning patient care, and enables you to organize and deliver nursing care
It is patient centered and outcome oriented
The steps are interrelated and dependent on the accuracy of each of the preceding steps
It is used to identify, diagnose, and treat human responses to health and illness
Together, the nurse and the patient:
Assess the patient to determine need for nursing care
Diagnose actual and/or potential health problems
Plan care and identify expected outcomes
Implement care
Evaluate the results
5 Steps of the Nursing Process
ADPIE
Assessment – collection of patient data
Diagnosis – identifies patients strengths and potential problems
Planning – develop the specific holistic desired goals and nursing interventions to assist the patient
Implementation – carry out the plan of care
Evaluation – determine the effectiveness of the plan of care
Assessment
The purpose of the assessment is to;
Establish a baseline
Determine presence or absences of dysfunction
Provide data for diagnostic phase
Nursing assessments focus on the patient’s responses to health problems or potential health problems.
We complete our assessment by;
Collecting Subjective & Objective data
Interviews and health histories
Performing physical examinations such as vital signs, system assessments, analyzing lab values and diagnostic imaging
Approaches to Collecting Assessment Data
Gordon’s 11 Functional Health Patterns: This framework allows nurses to combine assessment skills with subjective and objective data to construct patterns that reflect patient lifestyles.
“Functional health patterns view the individual as a whole being, using interrelated behavioral areas” (Edelman, Kudzma, & Mandle, 2014, pg. 130).
“As a framework for assessment, functional health patterns provide an effective means for nurses to perceive and record complex interactions of individuals’ biophysical state, psychological makeup, and environmental relationships” (Edelman, Kudzma, & Mandle, 2014, pg. 130).
Gordon’s framework allows us to view the patient as a whole.
Gordon’s to be discussed in full following nursing process review.
Problem-Focused Assessment: Focuses on the patient’s problem and aids in the development of the plan of care around an individual problem.
Data collection includes biographical data such as age, gender, and the purpose of the visit.
Types of Data to Collect:
Subjective: The patient’s verbal description of the problem. (Ex: Nausea, anxiety, fear, cold)
Objective: Measurable and observable problems. (VS, GCS, weight, appearance of a wound).
Data is obtained via interview, examination, observation, research & literature, history & patient’s health records, prior knowledge.
Sources of data include the patient, family, friends, other members of the interdisciplinary team, health records, and/or legal guardian.
