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Unit 4 > Health Promotion - Disaster Preparedness > Flashcards

Health Promotion - Disaster Preparedness Flashcards

1
Q

Vulnerable populations that visit the ED

A

homeless, poor, and older adults

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2
Q

Forensic nurse examiners (RN-FNEs)

A

obtain pt histories, collect forensic evidence, offer counseling and follow-up care for victims of rape, child abuse, and domestic violence

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3
Q

Sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs)

A

forensic nurses who specialize in helping victims of sexual assault

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4
Q

Interventions performed by forensic nurses

A

providing information about developing a safety plan or how to escape a violent relationship; document injuries and collect physical and photographic evidence; provide testimony in court

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5
Q

Psychiatric crisis nurse team

A

evaluates pts with emotional behaviors or mental illness and facilitates the follow-up treatment plan; interact with the pts and families when sudden illness, serious injury, or death may have caused a crisis

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6
Q

Emergency medical technicians (EMTs)

A

provide basic life support interventions such as oxygen, basic wound care, splinting, spinal immobilization, and monitoring of vital signs; communicate information to other staff members for continuity of care

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7
Q

Paramedics

A

advanced life support (ALS) providers that can perform advanced techniques, such as cardiac monitoring, advanced airway management and intubation, establishing IV access, and administering drugs en route to the ED; communicate information to other staff members for continuity of care

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8
Q

Emergency medicine physician

A

has received specialized education ad training in emergency pt management; directs the overall care in the ED

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9
Q

ED support staff

A

radiology and ultrasound technicians, respiratory therapists, lab technicians, social workers, nursing assistants, clerical staff

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10
Q

ED nurse

A

accountable for communicating pertinent staff considerations, pt needs, and restrictions to support staff; ensures that ongoing pt and staff safety issues are addressed

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11
Q

ED nurse hand-off communication

A

situation, brief medical history, assessment and diagnostic findings, transmission-based precautions needed, interventions, and response to those interventions

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12
Q

SBAR

A

Situation, Background, Assessment, Response

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13
Q

Staff safety

A

standard precautions; anticipate hostile, violent pt, family, and/or visitor behavior; plan options if violence occurs (support from security dept, panic button, remote door access controls)

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14
Q

Patient identification

A

provide ID bracelet for each pt; use two unique identifiers; if pt identity is unknown, use special ID system

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15
Q

Patient injury prevention

A

keep rails up on stretcher and in lowest position; remind pt to use call light for assistance; reorient confused pt frequently; if pt is confused, as family to stay with him/her; implement skin prevention measures for pt at risk for skin breakdown

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16
Q

Risk for errors and adverse events in the ED

A

obtain thorough pt and family history; check pt for med alert bracelet; search pts belongings for weapons or other harmful devices with he or she has altered mental status

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17
Q

Core competency - Assessment

A

ED nurse must be able to rapidly and accurately interpret assessment findings according to acuity and age

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18
Q

Core competency - Priority settings

A

depends on accurate assessment, good critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills; often initiates interdisciplinary protocols for lifesaving interventions such as cardiac monitoring, oxygen therapy, insertion of IV catheters, and infusion of appropriate parenteral solutions; knowledgeable with critical care equipment; able to assist the physician with procedures

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19
Q

Common ED procedures

A

wound closure, foreign body removal, central line insertion, ET intubation and initiation of mechanical ventilation, transvenous pacemaker insertion, lumbar puncture, pelvic exam, chest tube insertion, peritoneal lavage, paracentesis, fracture management

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20
Q

Core competency - Communication

A

common barrier is pts cultural beliefs and practices; assess each pt as individual; do not stereotype

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21
Q

Basic Life Support (BLS)

A

noninvasive assessment and management skills for airway maintenance and cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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22
Q

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

A

invasive airway management skills, pharmacology, and electrical therapies, special resuscitation

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23
Q

Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS)

A

neonatal and pediatric resuscitation

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24
Q

Certified Emergency Nurse (CEN)

A

validates core emergency nursing knowledge base

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25
Q

Triage

A

an organized system for sorting or classifying pts into priority levels depending on illness or injury severity

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26
Q

Triage nurse

A

gatekeeper; RN; performs rapid assessment; may seek the input of emergency physician, or physician assistant to determine acuity level if the pts presentation is highly unusual

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27
Q

Emergent triage category

A

a condition exists that poses an immediate threat to life or limb; respiratory distress, chest pain with diaphoresis, active hemorrhage, unstable VS

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28
Q

Urgent triage category

A

pt should be treated quickly but immediate threat to life is not present; severe abdominal pain, renal colic, displaced or multiple fractures, complex or multiple soft tissue injuries, new onset respiratory infection (esp pneumonia)

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29
Q

Nonurgent triage category

A

can tolerate waiting several hours for health care services without a significant risk for clinical deterioration; skin rash, strains and sprains, “colds”, simple fracture

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30
Q

Disposition

A

should the pt be admitted to the hospital, transferred to a specialty care center, or discharged to home?

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31
Q

Case management interventions

A

facilitates referrals to primary care providers or subsidized community-based health clinics; arranges referrals into disease management programs in the community; directs pt to educational resources; works with staff to plan disposition for homeless people; locate a safe environment for victims of domestic violence or elder abuse; provide information on resources for low-cost or free prescriptions

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32
Q

Death in ED

A

may require forensic investigation (will not remove IV lines and indewelling tubes or clean the pts skin if possibility of damaging evidence; use simple concrete terms; demonstrate caring, compassion, and empathy; coordinate with crisis staff; off clergy or calling someone of family choosing for support

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33
Q

Trauma

A

bodily injury; trauma nursing encompasses injury prevention and prehospital services, to acute care, rehabilitation, and community reintegration

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34
Q

Trauma center

A

specialty care facility that provides competent and timely trauma services to pts depending on its designated level of capability

35
Q

Level I trauma center

A

usually located in large teaching hospital systems in densely populated areas; provides full continuum of trauma care for all pts

36
Q

Level II trauma center

A

located in community hospital; provides care to most injured pts; transports pts to higher trauma center level if pt needs exceed resource capability

37
Q

Level III trauma center

A

located in community hospital; stabilizes pts with major injuries; transports pts to higher trauma center level if pt needs exceed resource capability

38
Q

Level IV trauma center

A

located in rural and remote areas; provides advanced life support; transports to higher trauma center levels when able

39
Q

Trauma system

A

organized and integrated approach to trauma care designed to ensure that all critical elements of trauma care delivery are aligned to meet the injured pts needs

40
Q

Trauma system elements

A

access to care through communication technology, timely availability of prehospital emergency medical care, rapid transport to a qualified trauma center, early provision of rehabilitation services, system-wide injury prevention, research, and education initiatives

41
Q

Mechanism of injury (MOI)

A

describes how the pts traumatic event occurred; provides insight into the energy forces involved; may help providers predict injury types and pt outcomes

42
Q

Blunt trauma

A

results from impact forces like those sustained a motor vehicle crash, a fall, and an assault with fists, kicks, or a baseball bat; blast effect is also included

43
Q

Penetrating trauma

A

caused by injury from sharp objects and projectiles

44
Q

Primary survey

A

initial assessment of the trauma pt; ABCDE

45
Q

Airway/Cervical Spine

A

Establish a patent airway by positioning, suctioning, and oxygen as needed; Protect the cervical spine by maintaining alignment; use a jaw thrust maneuver if there is a risk for spinal injury; If the GCS score is 8 r less or the pt is at risk for airway compromise, prepare for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation

46
Q

Breathing

A

Assess breath sounds and resp effort; Observe for chest wall trauma or other physical abnormality; Prepare for chest decompression if needed; Prepare to assist ventilations if needed

47
Q

Circulation

A

Monitor VS, esp BP and pulse; Maintain vascular access using a large-bore catheter; Use direct pressure for external bleeding

48
Q

Disability

A

Evaluate the pts LOC using the AVPU system and the GCS; Re-evaluate the pts LOC frequently

49
Q

Exposure

A

Remove all clothing for complete physical assessment; Prevent hypothermia

50
Q

AVPU method of LOC eval

A

A: Alert; V: responsive to Voice; P: responsive to Pain; U: Unresponsive

51
Q

GCS

A

scores eye opening, verbal response, and motor response; lowest score is 3 (unresponsive); highest score is 15 (normal)

52
Q

Secondary survey

A

more comprehensive head to toe assessment; used to identify other injuries or medical issues than need to managed or that might affect the course of treatment

53
Q

Internal disaster

A

any event inside a health care facility or campus that could endanger pts or staff; creates need for evacuation or relocation; often requires additional personnel and activation of emergency preparedness and response plan

54
Q

External disaster

A

an event outside the health care facility or campus; requires activation of emergency management plan; requires additional personnel

55
Q

Multi-casualty event

A

can be managed by a hospital using local resources

56
Q

Mass-casualty event

A

requires the collaboration of multiple agencies and health care facilities to handle the crisis

57
Q

Desired outcome of emergency preparedness

A

outline ways to meet the extraordinary need for hospital beds, staff, drugs, PPE, supplies, and medical devices

58
Q

Mass casualty triage

A

rapidly sort ill or injured pts into priority categories based on acuity and survival potential

59
Q

Emergent mass casualty triage

A

Class I; red tag; immediate threat to life

60
Q

Urgent mass casualty triage

A

Class II; yellow tag; major injuries that require treatment

61
Q

Nonurgent mass casualty triage

A

Class III; green tag; minor injuries that do not require immediate treatment

62
Q

Expectant mass casualty triage

A

Class IV; black tag; expected and allowed to die

63
Q

Medical Reserve Corps (MRC)

A

volunteer medical and public health care professionals; includes physicians and nurses; may help staff hospitals that face personnel shortages; may set up an acute care center to alleviate emergency department and hospital overcrowding

64
Q

Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT)

A

made of up civilian, medical, paraprofessional, and support personnel; team is deployed to disaster area with enough medical equipment and supplies to sustain operations for 72 hrs

65
Q

Hospital Incident Command System (HICS)

A

roles are structured under the hospital or long-term care facility incident commander with clear lines of authority and accountability for specific resources; establishes EOC or command center in designated location with accessible communication technology

66
Q

Emergency Operations Center (EOC) or command center

A

manages the overall incident; internal requests and communication with field teams and external agencies should be coordinated through the EOC

67
Q

Hospital incident commander

A

physician or administrator who assumes overall leadership for implementing the emergency plan

68
Q

Medical command physician

A

physician who decides the number, acuity and resource needs of pts

69
Q

Triage officer

A

physician or nurse who rapidly evaluates each pt to determine priorities for treatment

70
Q

Community relations or public information officer

A

person who serves as a liaison between the health care facility and the media

71
Q

Role of nurse in emergency preparedness and response

A

recommend pts for discharge; CCU nurses need to identify pts who can be transferred out of the unit; remain flexible in mass casualty situation and perform at their highest level to address the needs of both the health care system and the pts

72
Q

Pts able to be discharged early

A

diagnostic evals and are not bedridden; soon scheduled to be discharged; could be cared for at home with support from family or home health; no critical change for the past 3 days; could be cared for in another health care facility (rehab or long term care)

73
Q

Personal emergency preparedness plan

A

outlines the preplanned specific arrangements that are to be made for childcare, pet care, and older adult care if the need arises

74
Q

Basic supplies for personal preparedness

A

backpack; clean clothing; sturdy footwear; potable water; food; flashlight; pocket knife or multi-tool; personal ID with emergency contacts and phone numbers, allergies, medical information; list of cc numbers and bank accounts; towel, soap, hand sanitizer; paper, pens, regional maps; cell phone; sunglasses, eyewear; blanket; work gloves; first aid kit; rain gear; duct tape, plastic sheeting; radio; toiletries; plastic garbage bags, re-sealable plastic bags; matches; whistle; liquid bleach for disinfection

75
Q

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD)

A

strict confidentiality of information shared; unconditional acceptance of the thoughts and feelings expressed; group discussion; immediate; small groups of responders/victims; end goal is to prevent PTSD

76
Q

Administrative review

A

directed at analyzing the hospital or agency response to an event while it is still in the forefront of the minds of everyone who participated; goal is to discern what went right and what went wrong so that changes can be made

77
Q

Psychosocial response of survivors to mass casualty events

A

be calm and reassuring; establish rapport through active listening and honest communication; offer choices when possible; help survivors adapt to their new surroundings and routines through simple concrete explanations; convey caring behaviors; provide sense of safety and security

78
Q

Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R)

A

22-item self-administered questionnaire; should not be used for pts with short term memory loss

79
Q

Endemic

A

the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographical area

80
Q

Epidemic

A

often sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population/area

81
Q

Outbreak

A

defined same as epidemic, but a more limited geographical area

82
Q

Cluster

A

aggregation of cases grouped in a place/time that are suspected to be greater than the number expected

83
Q

Pandemic

A

epidemic that has spread over several countries/continents, usually affecting a large number of people

84
Q

How do these diseases “over there” affect me?

A

Globalization of travel and trade; Spread readily in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene; Some are easily transmitted from person-to-person (airborne, blood, and body fluids); Morbidity and mortality of certain diseases; People are electing not to be vaccinated and/or not to vaccinate their children

Unit 4 (4 decks)

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