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OCN Study > Health Promotion And Prevention of Cancer > Flashcards

Health Promotion And Prevention of Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

cancer epidemiology

A

study of distribution, factors and trends of cancer

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2
Q

why will cancer rates most likely continue to increase?

A
  1. increasing age of population. 2.increasing smoking. 3. unhealthy lifestyles
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3
Q

what cancers have the highest death rate worldwide?

A

lung, stomach, liver

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4
Q

what are the two types of epidemiology?

A

descriptive and analytic

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5
Q

what information does descriptive epidemiology provide?

A

occurrence and frequency of disease in a population over time

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6
Q

what information does analytical epidemiology provide?

A

tests hypothesis to try to find reasons for variations in the descriptive epidemiology

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7
Q

one in every how many deaths in the u.s. is because of cancer?

A

one in every four

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8
Q

which type of cancer accounts for 32% of cancer deaths in men?

A

lung cancer

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9
Q

between 1992 and 2000, this cancer has had the most significant decrease in incidence

A

prostate cancer

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10
Q

which race in the U.S has the highest cancer mortality rates?

A

African American

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11
Q

is cancer more common in males or females?

A

males

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12
Q

High socioeconomic status increases the risk for which cancers?

A

breast, prostate, colon

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13
Q

the top two risk factors for lung cancer are what?

A

cigarette smoking, radon exposure

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14
Q

the most common cancer type in women is what?

A

breast cancer

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15
Q

true or false Nulliparody and late menopause are risk factors for breast cancer

A

true

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16
Q

1/5 of men living in the US will be diagnosed with what type of cancer in their lifetime?

A

prostate cancer

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17
Q

true or false a low fat diet is a risk factor for developing prostate cancer?

A

that’s a high-fat diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer

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18
Q

this type of cancer is typically not diagnosed until it is in the advanced stages and therefore has a high mortality rate

A

pancreatic cancer

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19
Q

smoked and processed meats can increase the risk for which type of cancer?

A

pancreatic cancer

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20
Q

A low________diet is a risk factor for developing colorectal cancer

A

fiber

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21
Q

identifying environmental, genetic, and biological factors that cause cancer and interfering with those processes is what type of prevention?

A

primary prevention

22
Q

removing an organ to prevent cancer formation is called __________ surgery

A

prophylactic

23
Q

risk factor (def)

A

a lifestyle, habit, or trait that, based on Research, increase the chances of developing a particular disease

24
Q

true or false intricate interaction in the body between external factors and genetic cause cancer

A

true

25
Q

1 in ________ cancers are believed to be heritable

A

10

26
Q

true or false immune function, hormonal factors, and nutritional status all affect the susceptibility of an individual to cancer

A

true

27
Q

1/2 or more of cancer incidence can be prevented by which two major Lifestyle Changes?

A

smoking cessation, dietary changes

28
Q

increased plasma levels of folate and which vitamin might reduce the risk of developing breast cancer?

A

vitamin B6

29
Q

a person previously diagnosed with colo-rectal cancer May benefit from which class of medications to reduce polyps or prevent new adenoma formation?

A

non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)

30
Q

research suggests increased intake of What vitamin decreases the risk for developing colorectal cancer?

A

calcium

31
Q

increased intake of selenium is associated with a decreased risk of developing which two cancers?

A

prostate cancer, colorectal cancer

32
Q

pancreatic and gastric cancers are closely linked to high levels of which bacteria?

A

helicobacter pylori

33
Q

long term use of aspirin has been linked with increased risk of which type of cancer?

A

pancreatic cancer

34
Q

what virus has been proven as a cause of cervical cancer?

A

human papillomavirus - HPV

35
Q

the use of _______ is estimated to cost approximately one-third of all cancer deaths

A

tobacco

36
Q

true or false the consumption of alcohol increases the chances for developing esophageal, stomach, and breast cancer

A

true

37
Q

true or false being overweight does not increase one’s risk for developing certain types of cancer

A

false

38
Q

true or false asbestos exposure has been shown to cause mesothelioma

A

true

39
Q

men and women who have occupations frequently exposing them to chemicals are at a high risk for developing which type of cancer?

A

bladder cancer

40
Q

men and women working in the steel industry have increased chances of developing this type of cancer

A

lung cancer

41
Q

this is the most common type of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

42
Q

which type of skin cancer will often initially present with scaly lesions?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

43
Q

skin cancers are more commonly found on areas of the body that are frequently exposed to

A

sunlight

44
Q

a major risk factor for this type of skin cancer is a history of sunburns, especially during childhood.

A

melanoma

45
Q

one who has human immunodeficiency HIV has a high risk for developing what two Cancer’s?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma, B cell lymphoma

46
Q

true or false human papilloma virus HPV has only been linked to causing cervical cancer

A

that has also been identified as causing head and neck cancers

47
Q

women who take estrogen / progesterone hormone replacement therapy prior to menopause have an increased risk for developing which type of cancer?

A

breast cancer

48
Q

children who receive growth hormones are at an increased risk for developing

A

leukemia

49
Q

people who are receiving organ transplants maybe put on immunosuppressants which can in turn increase the risk for this type of cancer

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

50
Q

what are the three most common cancers found in African American men?

A

prostate, lung, colorectal

OCN Study (11 decks)

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