Health Promotion And Prevention of Cancer Flashcards
cancer epidemiology
study of distribution, factors and trends of cancer
why will cancer rates most likely continue to increase?
- increasing age of population. 2.increasing smoking. 3. unhealthy lifestyles
what cancers have the highest death rate worldwide?
lung, stomach, liver
what are the two types of epidemiology?
descriptive and analytic
what information does descriptive epidemiology provide?
occurrence and frequency of disease in a population over time
what information does analytical epidemiology provide?
tests hypothesis to try to find reasons for variations in the descriptive epidemiology
one in every how many deaths in the u.s. is because of cancer?
one in every four
which type of cancer accounts for 32% of cancer deaths in men?
lung cancer
between 1992 and 2000, this cancer has had the most significant decrease in incidence
prostate cancer
which race in the U.S has the highest cancer mortality rates?
African American
is cancer more common in males or females?
males
High socioeconomic status increases the risk for which cancers?
breast, prostate, colon
the top two risk factors for lung cancer are what?
cigarette smoking, radon exposure
the most common cancer type in women is what?
breast cancer
true or false Nulliparody and late menopause are risk factors for breast cancer
true
1/5 of men living in the US will be diagnosed with what type of cancer in their lifetime?
prostate cancer
true or false a low fat diet is a risk factor for developing prostate cancer?
that’s a high-fat diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer
this type of cancer is typically not diagnosed until it is in the advanced stages and therefore has a high mortality rate
pancreatic cancer
smoked and processed meats can increase the risk for which type of cancer?
pancreatic cancer
A low________diet is a risk factor for developing colorectal cancer
fiber
identifying environmental, genetic, and biological factors that cause cancer and interfering with those processes is what type of prevention?
primary prevention
removing an organ to prevent cancer formation is called __________ surgery
prophylactic
risk factor (def)
a lifestyle, habit, or trait that, based on Research, increase the chances of developing a particular disease
true or false intricate interaction in the body between external factors and genetic cause cancer
true
1 in ________ cancers are believed to be heritable
10
true or false immune function, hormonal factors, and nutritional status all affect the susceptibility of an individual to cancer
true
1/2 or more of cancer incidence can be prevented by which two major Lifestyle Changes?
smoking cessation, dietary changes
increased plasma levels of folate and which vitamin might reduce the risk of developing breast cancer?
vitamin B6
a person previously diagnosed with colo-rectal cancer May benefit from which class of medications to reduce polyps or prevent new adenoma formation?
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
research suggests increased intake of What vitamin decreases the risk for developing colorectal cancer?
calcium
increased intake of selenium is associated with a decreased risk of developing which two cancers?
prostate cancer, colorectal cancer
pancreatic and gastric cancers are closely linked to high levels of which bacteria?
helicobacter pylori
long term use of aspirin has been linked with increased risk of which type of cancer?
pancreatic cancer
what virus has been proven as a cause of cervical cancer?
human papillomavirus - HPV
the use of _______ is estimated to cost approximately one-third of all cancer deaths
tobacco
true or false the consumption of alcohol increases the chances for developing esophageal, stomach, and breast cancer
true
true or false being overweight does not increase one’s risk for developing certain types of cancer
false
true or false asbestos exposure has been shown to cause mesothelioma
true
men and women who have occupations frequently exposing them to chemicals are at a high risk for developing which type of cancer?
bladder cancer
men and women working in the steel industry have increased chances of developing this type of cancer
lung cancer
this is the most common type of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
which type of skin cancer will often initially present with scaly lesions?
squamous cell carcinoma
skin cancers are more commonly found on areas of the body that are frequently exposed to
sunlight
a major risk factor for this type of skin cancer is a history of sunburns, especially during childhood.
melanoma
one who has human immunodeficiency HIV has a high risk for developing what two Cancer’s?
Kaposi’s sarcoma, B cell lymphoma
true or false human papilloma virus HPV has only been linked to causing cervical cancer
that has also been identified as causing head and neck cancers
women who take estrogen / progesterone hormone replacement therapy prior to menopause have an increased risk for developing which type of cancer?
breast cancer
children who receive growth hormones are at an increased risk for developing
leukemia
people who are receiving organ transplants maybe put on immunosuppressants which can in turn increase the risk for this type of cancer
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
what are the three most common cancers found in African American men?
prostate, lung, colorectal
