Health Promotion and Needs Assessments

Question 1

What is the 1948 WHO definition for Health

Answer 1

Health is a state of complete
physical,
mental and
social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease

Question 2

Can you mention 3 criticisms of this definition

Answer 2

Vague and unrealistic

Health is NOT a fixed entity

Health is a resource for everyday life and not the object of living

Health is the ability to be able to adapt to one’s environment

Health should be defined by the person and not the doctor

Question 3

What are determinants

Answer 3

Factors that affect how people will experience health and wellness during their lifetime

Question 4

What is a popular model that depicts determinants of health

Answer 4

Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991).
If you said Blum’s model (1981), you would be right too.

Question 5

Name 3 models of health

Answer 5

Biomedical, Sociological, Holistic, health belief model, biopsychosocial model.

Question 6

What are the 5 Key areas of the social model of health

Answer 6

Address the broader determinants of health

Reduce social inequities

Empower individuals and communities

Access to healthcare

Inter-sectorial collaboration

Question 7

What are some of the disadvantages of the biomedical model of health?

Answer 7

Costly

Narrow view of health

Not every condition can be treated

Relies on healthcare professions

Question 8

What are some of the advantages of the holistic model of health?

Answer 8

Positive view on health

Comprehensive

Preventative strategies

Question 9

What is Health Promotion?

Answer 9

Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.

Question 10

Where and when was the first International Conference on Health Promotion

Answer 10

Ottawa Canada 1986 where the ‘Ottawa Charter’ was establised.

Question 11

What are the 3 core values of the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 11

Advocate, Enable, Mediate

Question 12

How many action areas can you mention from the ottawa charter?

Answer 12

Building healthy public policy

Creating supportive environments

Strengthening community action

Developing personal skills

Re-orientinghealth care services toward prevention of illness and promotion of health

Question 13

What other Global Health Promotion Strategies are there?

Answer 13

Jakarta Declaration on Health Promotion (1997)

Shanghai Declaration on Health Promotion (2016)

Question 14

What is a Health Needs Assessment?

Answer 14

a systematic method of identifying unmet health and health care needs of a population and making changes to meet these unmet needs

Question 15

What are some levels of health needs assessment?

Answer 15

Whole population

Sub-group of population e.g. men, South Asians, Gay/Lesbian etc

Sub-group suffering from specific condition
(e.g. alcohol misuse), or needing specific intervention (e.g. hip replacement)

Population using a particular service e.g. A&E, prison health service
Individual or family

Question 16

Name 3 approaches to health needs assessment

Answer 16

Epidemiological Approach
Comparative Approach
Corporate Approach

Question 17

What is the known as the most traditional public health approach to assessing needs?

Answer 17

Epidemiological approach

Question 18

Unlike the epidemiological method, this method has patients, clients involved in health assessment and values the power of involvement and lay knowledge

Answer 18

Participatory approach

Question 19

Before starting a health needs assessment, it is important to be clear about who is the population to be assessed and this is done through…?

Answer 19

Community Profiling

Or an initial assessment

Question 20

Can you discuss some keys steps to the “Problem identification” stage of health promotion

Answer 20

Look for :
Unmet health needs
Inequalities

Ask:
What do we mean by “health need?”
What type of need?
Who assesses?
How is the assessment done?