Health Promotion And Care Of The Older Adult

Question 1

Traits of a healthy person

Answer 1

Self responsibility; is a tune to body messages and knowledgeable about health status and feels empowered to make healthy choices. Nutritional awareness; learns about healthy eating habits that reduce the risk of heart disease high blood pressure diabetes osteoporosis and cancer and that assist in achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight. Physical fitness; engages in regular physical activity, including aerobics, and activities that improve Balance, muscle flexibility, and muscle strength. Stress management; identifies ways of coping with the stresses of life to be able to work productively and connect with others in the community. Environmental sensitivity; designs personal space to include a healthy physical and social environment with opportunities for time with friends, supportive network, giving and receiving affection, and reinforcing wellness behaviors

Question 2

Wellness

Answer 2

Wellness is the individual operating at the optimal level of function, and even during chronic illness and dying, some level of well-being is attainable. Wellness involves a balance among the individuals emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical states

Question 3

Health promotion

Answer 3

Health promotion takes a positive approach to health and emphasizes the strengths, resources, and abilities of individual. Primary prevention stressors exercise to prevent cardiovascular disease, falls, and depression. A well-balanced diet without excessive sugar, fat, or alcohol is another important aspect of primary prevention. It also includes recommended vaccinations influenza vaccine,TV booster every 10 years shingles vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine. Secondary prevention an older adults focuses on early detection and treatment of diseases screening for heart disease and hypertension, cancer, infectious disease, Pawley pharmacy, nutrition, oral house, osteoporosis, falls, and social isolation

Question 4

Goal for older adults

Answer 4

Improve the health, function, and quality-of-life. Individual behaviors that promote health, such as participation in physical activity, self management of chronic diseases, or use of preventive health services, can improve health outcomes. Social environmental factors that promote health, such as housing and transportation services that affect the ability of older adults to access care. Health and social services available toOlder adults and their caregivers to assist them in managing chronic conditions and long-term care needs effectively.

Question 5

Ageism

Answer 5

Ageism is a term that describes prejudice against older adults.Ageism systematically stereotypes and discriminate against people because they are old. A personal trait of growing old or becoming disabled, and if your powerlessness, uselessness, and death. Twin hands the quality of life for older adults, support the patients hope, Pruyn, confidence, security, and integrity.

Question 6

Common myth associated with aging

Answer 6

All people become senile when they become old. Becoming forgetful means that dementia will occur.
Older adults are isolated and alone. Most older adults are in nursing homes or care facilities. Older adults do not have much energy and are always tired. Older adults are ill and disabled.

Question 7

Disengagement theory

Answer 7

Aging is a process in which older adults and society gradually withdraw from each other to the mutual satisfaction of both.

Question 8

Integumentary system/age related changes

Answer 8

Aging skin is dry and thin and loosest tone and elasticity. The loss of fat under the skin makes wrinkle apparent. Eight spots called Lynn Tego are brought on by sun exposure. Hair grays and fins, and the distribution pattern often change, nails grow slowly and Austin become thicker and more brittle develop bridges and turn yellow. Touch sensation oftenChanges as a result of thinning skin, disease process and responses to medication therapy. Susceptibility to infection, Ekhymosis, and tearing increases with aging. Wounds tend to heal more slowly than those in younger adults

Question 9

Pruritus

Answer 9

Older people may report dryness and itching of the skin. This is more common in cold dry weather because of the reduced glandular secretions and moisture.

Question 10

Moles

Answer 10

Most malls are behind. However send related skin changes, including pre-cancerous I Tanic keratosis basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma, sometimes develop on son exposed areas.

Question 11

Nail abnormalities

Answer 11

Bilateral club in the fingers indicates possible pulmonary or cardiac disease. Yellow nails in the Cape possible fungal infection. Splinter nails indicate possible Mel nutrition, and putting sometimes singles for referral vascular disease, psoriasis, diabetes, or syphilis. Brittle nails are often associated with fluctuations in hormones that occurred during menopause

Question 12

Pressure injury

Answer 12

More than 2.5 million US residents develop pressure injury every year risk is significant for older adults and patients with chronic disease. Thin skin and lack of subcutaneous fat pre-to post older adults two pressure injury.

Question 13

Adri let it changes to gastrointestinal system

Answer 13

Older adults have decreased secretion of the lie that and a diminished gag response, which increases the chances of choking an aspiration. The stomach of the older adult has decreased gastric motility as well as decreased production of bicarbonate and gastric mucus. Decrease production or lack of production of the instrument sick factor causing the body to become unable to ingest vitamin B 12 leading to pernicious anemia. Enzymes are also altered the abdominal wall becomes less firm, and muscles weekend. Peristalsis to become slower leading to increased constipation changes often intensified by medications commonly prescribed for other conditions.

Question 14

Common concerns a nursing interventions

Answer 14

Obesity, weight loss, fluids and dehydration, oral hygiene, loss of appetite, gastric reflux, food intolerance, dysphasia, failure to thrive,gastrointestinal cancer, Gastrointestinal bleeding,and fecal incontinence

Question 15

Obesity

Answer 15

Define is Wayne at least 20% or more than ideal body weight. Adults 75 to 90 years of age need approximately 30 cal per kilogram of body weight. 1800 to 2400 cal daily. Adults need to consume quality foods such as greens, vegetables and fruits, protein and a good source of calcium, vitamins AC & E and niacin may slow the aging process.

Question 16

Weight loss

Answer 16

Graduate last overtime is normal response to lost the body mass. This typically occurs with changes in body composition of fat, lost muscle, and fluid. Decrease nutrient intake and eating because of decreased appetite, lower metabolic rate, and diminish energy I’ll put also produce a sweet loss. Rapid weight loss may indicate illness and should be reported to healthcare provider. Unexplained weight loss totally more than 5% of body weight in six months to one year necessitates a medical evaluation

Question 17

Loss of appetite

Answer 17

Older adults frequently experience the loss of appetite. Changes as a result of decreased saliva production and the decrease number of taste buds sometimes make food and appealing. Gastric nativity slows because of the loss of smooth muscle in the stomach which causes a delay in emptying time distention in early satiety, anorexia and weight loss often result. In addition many medications taken by older adults can produce side effects such as dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and constipation which affect the appetite.

Question 18

Food intolerance

Answer 18

Lactose primarily found in milk is it common source of food intolerance. Dairy products are an important source of calcium which is needed to prevent osteoporosis. Lactose intolerant individuals may need to replace milk with cheese and yogurt which is processed and easier to digest.

Question 19

Dysphasia

Answer 19

Difficulty swallowing may arise from possible many possible causes including a stroke or other neurological dysfunction‘s, local trauma, and obstruction with the tumor. Avoid liquids positioning and verbal coaching techniques can be added to liquids to improve the ability to control swallowing the upright position leaning slightly forward with the chin down and assistance of gravity to improve swallowing

Question 20

Nocturia

Answer 20

At least 50% of older men and 70% of older women have to get up two or more times during the night to empty their bladder’s. The decrease in bladder capacity may be associated. Nursing interventions to decrease nocturia include limiting fluids in the evening, giving diuretic medications in the morning, and preventing fall hazards when individual has to get up to urinate.

Question 21

Urinary incontinence

Answer 21

Several types of incontinence include stress, urge, overflow, and functional incontinence. Manicure in combination Cosimo mixed incontinence that is common in older adults. Stress incontinence is in voluntary early loss of a small amount of urine with increase abdominal pressure like coughing or sneeze in common in women. Urge incontinence is associated with cystisis, writers, urethritis , stones, and CNS disorders such as stroke dementia and Parkinson’s disease. Overflow occurs when a chronically full bladder increases bladder pressure to a higher level then urethra resistance is able to counter resulting in the loss of a small volume of urine.

Question 22

Age related changes to the cardiovascular system

Answer 22

Loss of structural elasticity because the chambers are less elastic the heart takes longer to contract and the chamber is longer to fill. The heart valves become thicker and more rigid. The decrease in pacemaker cells accurate and the electrical conduction is slowed or alter which can lead to dysrhythmias. With Adriene the resting heart rate and see decrease in the heart loss is some of this capacity to increase the rate in response to exercise.

Question 23

Coronary artery disease

Answer 23

Elevated serum cholesterol level is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. It’s all cholesterol level of 130 MG per DL race is a risk for cardiac disease.

Question 24

Cardiovascular system assessments

Answer 24

Assessed for difficulty breathing dyspnea or orthopnea aggravated by exertion. Coffe answer and duration. Science is pallor, Ruber, or cyanosis. Chest pain, including onset and duration, relationship to activity, character, location, radiating, and severity, apricot and for referral pulses. Compare both extremities when assessing characteristics of peripheral pulses. Capillary refill time. Vertigo Syncope and fatigue. Blood pressure lying, sitting, and standing. Adema no location and severity

Question 25

Peripheral vascular disease

Answer 25

Vascular changes affect the arteries or veins of the older adult. Spasms or arthrosclerosis allow insufficient amounts of oxygenated blood to circulate to tissues in the legs and feet. Claudication equals cramping pain in the calves. Varicose veins.

Question 26

Age related changes to the respiratory system

Answer 26

The tissues of the lungs and the bronchi become less elastic and more rigid with age. The ribs become less mobile, and osteoporosis and calcification of the car learn to lead to rigidity and sniff news of the thoracic cage. Oxygen carrying capacity often is diminished in the older adults. Muscles associated with respiration sometimes weekend so that long expansion and vital capacity or decrease. Older adults also tend to have a decrease in the number of deceptiveness Sylvia in the tracheobronchial tree.

Question 27

Pneumonia

Answer 27

Age related changes and decrease resistance to respiratory infection cause more older individuals to contract and die of pneumonia than younger people. Even with modern antibiotics and sophisticated medical treatment pneumonia has the potential to be life-threatening for the older adult. Older individuals do not always exhibit the usual signs and symptoms of pneumonia. Such as a high fever cough pain and headache. And contrast they often show signs and symptoms only if lethargic, disorientation, anorexia common and low or mild fever. Interventions focus on liquefying secretions through adequate intake of fluids, taking prescribe medications, assisting removal of secretions.

Question 28

Age related changes to the muscular skeletal system

Answer 28

Gradual reduction in number and size of active muscle fibers, and muscle tone, mass, and strength or decrease. The joints become less elastic and flexible with the loss of calcification of cartilage. Farming estrogen levels in women increases bone resorption and decreases calcium deposit Tatian resulting in the loss in the crease bone density. The long bones in the vertebrae are specially vulnerable to reduction abundant city. StructureStructural changes result in changes to gate.

Question 29

Arthritis

Answer 29

Two forms rheumatoid, and osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid is a systemic inflammatory disease that to be of immune facture origin has the potential to affect people of any age. Osteoarthritis is a non-inflammatory disorder in which the Cartlidge in the joint to Torio eats a newborn forms on the surface this is the most common type of arthritis an older adults affected joints most commonly include the hands fingers toes and the knees hips and spine. Intervention involves joint protection and energy conservation there a balance of rest and exercise. Warm bath or shower in the morning after reduce early morning stiffness range of motion and mild exercise to maintain muscle strength and join motion heat or cold therapy or gentle massage for pain NSAIDs and non-opioid analgesics injections of steroids two or three times yearly assistive devices search

Question 30

Osteoporosis

Answer 30

A systemic skeletal disease is one of the most common conditions in older woman. Low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue results in a significantly increased risk of fractures. Fractures are possible in the course of routine activities such as bending lifting coughing and straining at store. Osteoporosis of spinal vertebrae may cause loss of height 1 1/2 to 3 inches or kyphosis. A diet high in calcium and vitamin DRegular weight bearing exercise see the foundation for healthy later in life. Bone density testing helps identify older woman at risk for fractures and points away to instituting preventive measures.

Question 31

Age related changes to the endocrine system

Answer 31

Send levels of hormones are created in the response of body tissue to her moans change with age thyroid disturbances, especially hypothyroidism and diabetes are the common endocrine disorders in the older adult. Assess laboratory results and report up normal calcium, glucose, or thyroid hormone levels.

Question 32

Type two diabetes

Answer 32

There are two types type one formally called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile diabetes body feels to produce insulin and type two continent insulin-dependent or adult onset diabetes which is characterized by the bodies in ability to produce and use insulin appropriately. Type two affects 85 to 90% of adults with diabetes. Signs and symptoms are increased thirst,Appetite, and large amounts of urine. Repeated infections slow healing, blurred vision, and weight gain or loss tend to be the initial signs and symptoms of diabetes.

Question 33

Age related changes to the reproductive system

Answer 33

The major changes in the reproductive system are diminished levels of estrogen and progesterone in woman and diminished levels of androgen and testosterone in men.

Question 34

Sexual Function

Answer 34

The misconceptions that older adults are important and as sexual or that they are perverse if they are sexually active or common reasons for sexual dysfunction in older adults. If adults continue to be sexually active on a regular basis they retain the capability to respond sexually. If an older adult indicates that sexual intercourse is difficult or uncomfortable because of vaginal dryness to just use of estrogen creams or water soluble the recurrence to relieve the discomfort. Older dogs have the potential to be sexual, continue to have interest in sex, and are indeed sexual beans.

Question 35

Cataracts

Answer 35

Most common disorder found in the 18 I. By the age of 80 and estimated 50% of people either have cataracts or have had surgery to correct them. The cataract is a clouding of the normally clear and transparent lens of the eye. Degenerative changes to the ones proteins and fatty deposits in the lines are causative factors in the development of a cataract. Symptoms include dimmed, blurred, or misty vision

Question 36

Hearing balance

Answer 36

The inner ear is involved in hearing and balance. Hearing loss is not a normal part of aging and is necessary to evaluate. Between the ages of 65 and 74 about 1/3 of people have a hearing impairment. By the age of 75 is sharply in creases to almost half of its population. Agent causes rigidity of the articles which result in a loss of elasticity. The traffic changes of the auditory nerve and and organs of the inner ear affect hearing. Exposure to loud noises.

Question 37

Age related changes to the nervous system

Answer 37

Changes associated with aging include a decline in the number of brain cells answer for a nerve cells and fibers and snap changes that affect transmission and the sensitivity that’s target cells to the neurotransmitters. Physiologically nerve impulses transmission in the nervous system slows resulting in a longer reaction time for older adults

Question 38

Memory

Answer 38

Common memory concerns for older adults include forgetting names, miss placing items, and poor recall of recent events or conversations. Changes in short term memory or common with aging long-term recall usually has maintain. Strategies for adopting such as making lists are posting reminders are useful to man short term memory loss

Question 39

cognition

Answer 39

The process by which information is acquired, stored, shared, and use as a term and cognitive function. The elements of this process includes state of consciousness, general appearance and behavior, orientation, memory, language, intelligence, perception, insight and problem-solving ability, judgment, attention span, and mood and affect. How comes from cognitive function are thinking, remembering, perceiving, communicating, and calculating. Only some adults experience deficits and the decline occurs at different times in their life