Health Promotion Flashcards
What is prevention?
“Anticipatory action taken to prevent the occurrence of an event or to minimize its effect after it has occurred”. (Turnock, 2011, p. 530).
What are the levels of Prevention?
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
Primodial
What is Primary prevention?
Focus
Health promotion and disease prevention
Purpose
Reduce or eliminate causative factors for disease
Examples
immunization, exercise, seat belts
What is Secondary prevention?
Focus
Early detection and prompt interventions to alleviate health problems and prevent complications
Purpose
Identify patient at early stage and limit disability
Example
Screening programs
(Disease specific education)
What are Tertiary prevention
Focus
restoring/rehabilitating patient
Purpose
optimize the management of a condition and minimize complications
to allow patient to return to optimal level of functioning
Example
Rehabilitative efforts to increase adherence to medication, nutrition, physical activity, and other disease management strategies
What is Primordial prevention?
Focus
Seeks to avoid emergence and establishment of social, economic and cultural patterns of living that contribute to an elevated risk of disease
Purpose
Establish or maintain conditions to minimize hazards to health
Decrease a population’s risk of disease
Example
Removing lead from gasoline supply, programs aimed at reducing cost of healthy food
What are the CDC priorities for Chronic Disease?
Preventing the development of chronic diseases.
Detecting chronic diseases early and slowing their progression.
Mitigating complications of chronic disease to optimize quality of life and to reduce demand on the health care system.
What is morbidity?
The proportion of illness in a population
What is Mortality?
The incidence of deaths in a population.
Which nursing intervention exemplifies the nurse working in a health promotion role?
Select all that apply.
Administering an ordered antibiotic
Reinforcing desirable changes to the client’s lifestyle
Administering vaccines to a well child
Administering an inhaler to an asthmatic client
Obtaining a blood glucose sample on a hypoglycemic client
Reinforcing desirable changes to the client’s lifestyle
A community health nurse is educating a group of clients on the difference between illness and disease. Which statements are appropriate for the nurse to include in the educational session?
Select all that apply.
“An individual can have a disease and not feel ill.”
“Illness is synonymous with disease.”
“Illness is an alteration in body function, where disease is highly subjective.”
“An individual can feel ill without disease.”
“Illness and disease are never related to one another.”
“An individual can have a disease and not feel ill.”
Illness behaviors
Any actions or reactions of an individual who feels unwell for the purpose of defining their state of health and obtaining physical or emotional relief from perceived or actual illness
Self-care behavior
Healthcare utilization behavior
What are the eight dimensions of wellness?
environmental, emotional, financial, intellectual, physical, occupational, spiritual, social
What is health promotion?
Activities with the goal of developing human attitudes and behaviors that maintain or enhance well-being which enable individuals, families, communities and systems to increase their control over and improve their health. (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p. 380).*
What is health literacy?
“…any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals, families, communities or systems improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes.”
—World Health Organization, 2015
“…[the] process of helping people learn health-related behaviors so that they can incorporate these behaviors into everyday life.”
—Giddens, 2017
Which of the following is the strongest predictors of an individual’s health status?
Age Income Health literacy skills Education level Racial or ethnic group
Health literacy skills
Approximately what percentage of Americans have a literacy level at or below 8th grade?
10 percent
25 percent
37.5 percent
50 percent
50 percent
What are high risk groups regarding health literacy?
Elderly, people with limited education, ethnic minorities, recent immigrants, low income
What are the cost of Low Health Literacy?
more medication errors excess hospitalizations longer hospital stays more E.D. visits generally higher level of illness Results in an excess cost of $106-238 billion per year to the US healthcare system
When assessing social history, add questions about literacy skills in a sensitive manner:
“How happy are you with the way you read?”
“What do you like to read?”
Most newspapers are at the 10th grade level
Many news magazines are at the 12th grade level
Teaching and Learning
Teaching
A system of activities designed to produce learning
Learning
A change in human disposition or capability that persists and that cannot be solely accounted for by growth
Represented by a change in behavior
Characteristics of effective teaching
Is planned Involves learner in process Creates partnership Sets realistic goals & outcomes Directed at helping learner meet objectives Supports learner with feedback Accurate and current
What are the learning domains?
Cognitive domain - Written material, lecture, discussion
Psychomotor domain - Demonstration, interaction
Affective domain - Motivational interviewing
Adults are interested in learning if they can apply the information immediately.
This is what kind of concept?
Pedagogical = the teaching of children and adolescents.
Adherence = this is just some filler text so the line spacing works out
Geragogic = the teaching of the elderly client.
Andragogic = art and science of teaching adults.
Andragogic = art and science of teaching adults.
The nurse is preparing to teach an adult client to self-administer insulin at home. The nurse recognizes that this type of skill is representative of which domain of learning?
Sensorimotor = This is of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
Psychomotor = includes the motor skills of learning
Cognitive = incorporates six intellectual abilities and thinking processes
Affective = divided into categories that specify the degree of a “person’s depth of emotional response
Psychomotor = includes the motor skills of learning
Is determined by what teaching methods to use.
Is influenced by learning the domain used to achieve the outcome.
Planning
Is influenced by the condition of the patient and competing priorities for the nurse.
Implementation
Learning outcomes are consistent with the learning domain.
Evaluation
Includes information taught and the patient’s motivation, ability to learn, developmental level, and resources.
Documentation
What inhibits learning?
Emotions, Cultural aspects, physiological events, and psychomotor ability
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The client must learn how to independently perform finger stick blood sugar analysis as part of the plan of care. The client says, “I already know what you are attempting to teach because I looked everything up on the internet.” Which is the best action by the nurse based on the client’s statement?
Document that the client understands teaching.
Teach the client’s support system how to perform the procedure.
Give the client printed learning materials.
Watch the client perform a return demonstration of the skill.
Watch the client perform a return demonstration of the skill.
The nurse is planning discharge teaching to a client with a diabetic wound. Which is the priority action for the nurse prior to initiating teaching with this client?
Asking the client to state what is known about the current dressing changes
Teaching the client how to take blood sugars
Assessing the client’s ability to self-administer insulin
Determining the client’s reaction to being a diabetic
Assessing the client’s ability to self-administer insulin
Determining the client’s reaction to being a diabetic
A diabetic client asks the nurse why the nurse is teaching about dietary carbohydrates, not a dietician. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
a “Teaching is something I enjoy doing.”
b “Teaching helps you realize that you need the nurse.”
c “If you prefer a dietician that is fine.”
d “One of the major roles of the nurse is to teach.”
d “One of the major roles of the nurse is to teach.”
Words that cause misunderstanding
Medical words
Words frequently used by health care providers and in health care instructions
Concept words
Words used to describe an idea, metaphor, or notion
Category words
Words that describe a group or sub-set, and may be unfamiliar
Value judgment words
