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Psychology - Health > Health Promotion > Flashcards

Health Promotion Flashcards

1. Strategies for promoting health 2. health promotion in schools, work and communities 3. individual factors in changing health beliefs

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1
Q

Strategies for Promoting Health

A
  1. Fear Arousal (Janis and Feshbach, Cowpe)
  2. Yale Model of Communication
  3. Providing Information (Lewin)
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2
Q 
Fear Arousal (Janis and Feshbach)
Strategies for Promoting Health
A

Fear arousal is the most effective way to change people’s behavior but it is possible to scare people too much so that they do not take the message aboard

too much fear—> ignore message

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3
Q 
Fear Arousal (Cowpe)
Strategies for Promoting Health
A

Health education campaigns are an effective measure of health promotion

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4
Q

Cowpe Study Aim

A

Aim: investigate the effectiveness of advertising campaigns in warning people about chip-pan fires

  • 10 UK regional TV areas
  • chip pan fires were a leading cause of domestic fires in the UK
  • was costing the government a lot to deploy emergency teams
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5
Q

Janis and Feshbach Study Aim

A

Aim: to test if level of fear would have behavioral consequences to teeth brushing

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6
Q

How fear arousal works

A

lets people know bad things will happen unless they change their ways

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7
Q

Cowpe Study Result and Conclusion

A

Result: net decline in each area over a 12 month period (7%-25% decline)
-largest reduction was during the running time of the campaign

CON- effectiveness of the campaign passes away after a while

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8
Q

Janis and Feshbach Study Procedure

A

Procedure: compared high fear, medium fear and low fear presentations of info about dental hygiene and control group who received a presentation on eye function

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9
Q

Janis and Feshbach Study Participants

A

Participants: 50 high school students

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10
Q

Janis and Feshbach Study Results

A
  1. greatest impact- high fear group
    - 70% worried about tooth decay (42% increase after watching the film)
  2. low fear group
    - 46% worried (24% increase after watching the film)
  3. Change in habit
    - high fear: 28%
    - low fear: 50%
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11
Q

Janis and Feshbach Study Conclusion

A

although the students in the high fear group had greater emotional reaction, they had less behavior change

on one hand, the message arousing strong fear elicited the most favorable appraisals of communication

minimal fear + proper instruction - most effective

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12
Q

Issues with Janis and Feshbach’s study

A

The students in the low fear presentation group were given comprehensive instructions on dental hygiene
“specific/ practical” instructions

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13
Q

Yerkes Dodson Law of Arousal

A

each individual has an optimal level of arousal

-over arousal reduces the effectiveness of any programme-

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14
Q

Yale Model of Communication

Strategies for Promoting Health

A

there are several factors that will affect how likely a person is to change their behavior in response to a cue in the environment

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15
Q

3 Aspects of Communication

YMC

A
  1. communicator
    - credible source
  2. communication
    - perceived threat (YDLoA)
  3. audience
    - demography
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16
Q

Application of Yale Model of Communication

A
  1. signpost strategies to help with marketing campaigns to change patient’s behavior
    - as prevention is better, the YMC will be effective in encouraging patients to live healthier lives
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17
Q

Health Belief Model

A

people are more likely to practice healthy behavior if they believe that by not doing so they are susceptible to serious health problems

MOTIVATED BY FEAR TO PROTECT THEIR HEALTH

18
Q 
Providing Information (Lewin)
Strategies for Promoting Health
A

giving patients information to help them make informed decision- good way of promoting health

19
Q

Lewin Study Aim

A

To find out whether a comprehensive home-based programme would reduce psychological distress

20
Q

Lewin Study Participants

A

176 patients

suffered a heart attack recently

21
Q

Lewin Study Participants

A

176 patients

suffered a heart attack recently

22
Q

Lewin Study Groups

A
  1. self help rehab program based on a heart manual

2. standard care + placebo package of info and informal counseling

23
Q

Lewin Study Results

A
  1. psych adjustment (assessed by HADS) was better in rehab group one year later
  2. less contact with general practitioner
  3. fewer readmits
24
Q

Health Promotion in School (Tapper)

A

-evaluated a Food Dudes Program

25
Q

Health Promotion at Work (Fox et al.)

A
  • Token Economy System

- used stamps as tokens at two dangerous open mine sites

26
Q

Health Promotion in Communities (Farquhar et al. )

A
  • SFCMRRP

- long term field study

27
Q

Phases of Food Dudes Program

A
  1. Intervention
    - 16 days
    - watch, listen, rewarded with stickers and prizes
  2. Maintenance
    - no vids
    - letters and rewards become intermittent
28
Q

Results of the Food Dudes Program

A
  • positive
  • children were eating more fruits and vegetables
  • better attendance
  • more confidence
29
Q

Fox et al. Worksites Token Economy

How did workers earn tokens?

A
  • working without lost time injuries
  • being in working groups where all other workers had no lost time injuries
  • not being involved in any equipment damaging accidents
  • for making adopted safety suggestions
  • PREVENTION OF INJURY
30
Q

Fox et al. Worksites Token Economy

How did the workers lose tokens?

A
  • they or others were injured
  • failed to report accidents
  • caused equipment damage
31
Q

Fox et al. Worksites Token Economy

Results

A
  1. less reduction in number of days lost from work
  2. more recording of injuries (but less injuries overall)
  3. reduction in working costs > cost of token economy system
32
Q

SFCMRRP (Farquhar et al.)

A

The Stanford Five City Multi-factor Risk Reduction Project

33
Q

Farquhar et al. Study Aim

A

To study the feasibility and effectiveness of community wide health education directed at lowering cardiovascular disease, morbidity and mortality

CVD
morbidity
mortality

34
Q

Farquhar et al. Procedure

A
  1. 6 years of education
  2. 4 independent cross sectional popu surveys
  3. 4 surveys of cohort
  4. continuous surveillance of CVD events
35
Q

Farquhar et al. Participants

A
  • randomly selected
  • 12-74 y/o
  • from 4 communities
  • 1800-2500 people
36
Q

Farquhar et al.

4 Communities and 1 Control

A

Monterrey (TC)
Salinas (TC)
Modesto (CC)
San Luis Obispo (CC)

Santa Maria (CC) where only morbidity and mortality was monitored

37
Q

Farquhar et al.

Goals of the Project

A
  1. gather appropriate measures for the survey

2.

38
Q

Farquhar et al.

Goals of the Project

A
  1. gather appropriate measures for the survey
  2. prepare and find effective staff
  3. establish survey centers
  4. recruit randomly selected samples with a 66% resp rate
  5. conduct effective and efficient surveys
39
Q

Prochaska et al. Transtheoretical Model

Stages of Intervention

A

PCPAMT

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination
40
Q

Prochaska et al. Transtheoretical Model

Definition

A

individuals go through 6 stages in the process of changing their health behavior and to ensure the effectiveness of that change, various interventions are necessary at each stage

Psychology - Health (5 decks)

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