Health Promotion Flashcards
1. Strategies for promoting health 2. health promotion in schools, work and communities 3. individual factors in changing health beliefs
Strategies for Promoting Health
- Fear Arousal (Janis and Feshbach, Cowpe)
- Yale Model of Communication
- Providing Information (Lewin)
Fear Arousal (Janis and Feshbach) Strategies for Promoting Health
Fear arousal is the most effective way to change people’s behavior but it is possible to scare people too much so that they do not take the message aboard
too much fear—> ignore message
Fear Arousal (Cowpe) Strategies for Promoting Health
Health education campaigns are an effective measure of health promotion
Cowpe Study Aim
Aim: investigate the effectiveness of advertising campaigns in warning people about chip-pan fires
- 10 UK regional TV areas
- chip pan fires were a leading cause of domestic fires in the UK
- was costing the government a lot to deploy emergency teams
Janis and Feshbach Study Aim
Aim: to test if level of fear would have behavioral consequences to teeth brushing
How fear arousal works
lets people know bad things will happen unless they change their ways
Cowpe Study Result and Conclusion
Result: net decline in each area over a 12 month period (7%-25% decline)
-largest reduction was during the running time of the campaign
CON- effectiveness of the campaign passes away after a while
Janis and Feshbach Study Procedure
Procedure: compared high fear, medium fear and low fear presentations of info about dental hygiene and control group who received a presentation on eye function
Janis and Feshbach Study Participants
Participants: 50 high school students
Janis and Feshbach Study Results
- greatest impact- high fear group
- 70% worried about tooth decay (42% increase after watching the film) - low fear group
- 46% worried (24% increase after watching the film) - Change in habit
- high fear: 28%
- low fear: 50%
Janis and Feshbach Study Conclusion
although the students in the high fear group had greater emotional reaction, they had less behavior change
on one hand, the message arousing strong fear elicited the most favorable appraisals of communication
minimal fear + proper instruction - most effective
Issues with Janis and Feshbach’s study
The students in the low fear presentation group were given comprehensive instructions on dental hygiene
“specific/ practical” instructions
Yerkes Dodson Law of Arousal
each individual has an optimal level of arousal
-over arousal reduces the effectiveness of any programme-
Yale Model of Communication
Strategies for Promoting Health
there are several factors that will affect how likely a person is to change their behavior in response to a cue in the environment
3 Aspects of Communication
YMC
- communicator
- credible source - communication
- perceived threat (YDLoA) - audience
- demography
Application of Yale Model of Communication
- signpost strategies to help with marketing campaigns to change patient’s behavior
- as prevention is better, the YMC will be effective in encouraging patients to live healthier lives
Health Belief Model
people are more likely to practice healthy behavior if they believe that by not doing so they are susceptible to serious health problems
MOTIVATED BY FEAR TO PROTECT THEIR HEALTH
Providing Information (Lewin) Strategies for Promoting Health
giving patients information to help them make informed decision- good way of promoting health
Lewin Study Aim
To find out whether a comprehensive home-based programme would reduce psychological distress
Lewin Study Participants
176 patients
suffered a heart attack recently
Lewin Study Participants
176 patients
suffered a heart attack recently
Lewin Study Groups
- self help rehab program based on a heart manual
2. standard care + placebo package of info and informal counseling
Lewin Study Results
- psych adjustment (assessed by HADS) was better in rehab group one year later
- less contact with general practitioner
- fewer readmits
Health Promotion in School (Tapper)
-evaluated a Food Dudes Program
Health Promotion at Work (Fox et al.)
- Token Economy System
- used stamps as tokens at two dangerous open mine sites
Health Promotion in Communities (Farquhar et al. )
- SFCMRRP
- long term field study
Phases of Food Dudes Program
- Intervention
- 16 days
- watch, listen, rewarded with stickers and prizes - Maintenance
- no vids
- letters and rewards become intermittent
Results of the Food Dudes Program
- positive
- children were eating more fruits and vegetables
- better attendance
- more confidence
Fox et al. Worksites Token Economy
How did workers earn tokens?
- working without lost time injuries
- being in working groups where all other workers had no lost time injuries
- not being involved in any equipment damaging accidents
- for making adopted safety suggestions
- PREVENTION OF INJURY
Fox et al. Worksites Token Economy
How did the workers lose tokens?
- they or others were injured
- failed to report accidents
- caused equipment damage
Fox et al. Worksites Token Economy
Results
- less reduction in number of days lost from work
- more recording of injuries (but less injuries overall)
- reduction in working costs > cost of token economy system
SFCMRRP (Farquhar et al.)
The Stanford Five City Multi-factor Risk Reduction Project
Farquhar et al. Study Aim
To study the feasibility and effectiveness of community wide health education directed at lowering cardiovascular disease, morbidity and mortality
CVD
morbidity
mortality
Farquhar et al. Procedure
- 6 years of education
- 4 independent cross sectional popu surveys
- 4 surveys of cohort
- continuous surveillance of CVD events
Farquhar et al. Participants
- randomly selected
- 12-74 y/o
- from 4 communities
- 1800-2500 people
Farquhar et al.
4 Communities and 1 Control
Monterrey (TC)
Salinas (TC)
Modesto (CC)
San Luis Obispo (CC)
Santa Maria (CC) where only morbidity and mortality was monitored
Farquhar et al.
Goals of the Project
- gather appropriate measures for the survey
2.
Farquhar et al.
Goals of the Project
- gather appropriate measures for the survey
- prepare and find effective staff
- establish survey centers
- recruit randomly selected samples with a 66% resp rate
- conduct effective and efficient surveys
Prochaska et al. Transtheoretical Model
Stages of Intervention
PCPAMT
Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination
Prochaska et al. Transtheoretical Model
Definition
individuals go through 6 stages in the process of changing their health behavior and to ensure the effectiveness of that change, various interventions are necessary at each stage
