Health Promotion

Question 1

define health promotion

Answer 1

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.

Question 2

what is the difference between public health and health promotion

Answer 2

public health places more emphasis on the ends whereas health promotion places more value on the means of achieving them

Question 3

what are the 3 critiques of health promotion

Answer 3

• structural critique = too much emphasis on the individual
• surveillance critique = involves too much monitoring and regulation of the population
• consumption critique = services and goods only available to privileged

Question 4

what are the 5 approaches to health promotion

Answer 4

• medical/preventative
• behaviour change
• educational
• empowerment
• social change

Question 5

give examples of behavioural changes in health promotion

Answer 5

campaigns to get smokers to quit

Question 6

what is empowerment

Answer 6

allowing individuals to assume more power over their health so involves asking what they want to do to their health

Question 7

give an example of social change in health promotion

Answer 7

stopping smoking in public places

Question 8

what is primary prevention

Answer 8

preventing the onset of a disease by reducing the exposure to risk factors

Question 9

name some approaches to primary prevention

Answer 9

• vaccination
• prevention of contact with risk factors
• taking precautions
• reducing risk factors from lifestyle (e.g. quitting smoking)

Question 10

what is secondary prevention

Answer 10

detecting and treating a disease at an early stage to prevent further complications

Question 11

give examples of secondary prevention

Answer 11

• cervical cancer screening
• monitoring and treating blood pressure
• statins to prevent high cholesterol
• atherosclerosis screening

Question 12

what is tertiary prevention

Answer 12

aims to minimise the effect of the established disease. cant cure the disease so try to prevent its impact

Question 13

give examples of tertiary prevention

Answer 13

• renal transplant

- steroids for asthma

Question 14

what are the dilemmas of health promotion

Answer 14

• interfering with peoples lives
• victim blaming the individual
• may be hard/expensive for lifestyle changes
• reinforces negative stereotypes
• unequal distribution of responsibility

Question 15

what Is the prevention paradox

Answer 15

how interventions that make a difference at population level do not have much effect on the individual

Question 16

define evaluation

Answer 16

collection of data to assess the effectiveness of a programme in achieving its objectives

Question 17

why should promotions be evaluated

Answer 17

• assess efficacy and efficiency
• gives accountability
• ensures the interventions do no harm
• for development

Question 18

what is process evaluation

Answer 18

assesses the process of the programme implementation

Question 19

what is impact evaluation

Answer 19

assesses the immediate effects of the intervention

Question 20

what is outcome evaluation

Answer 20

assesses the long term consequences of the intervention

Question 21

why is the timing for outcome evaluation important

Answer 21

• some interventions take longer to have an effect

- the effect of some interventions wears off quickly