Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

How does health education differ from health promotion?

A

Health education - looks at educating the individual in a specific disease /s
Health promotion - a broader approach - encompasses political and social factors to educate the public

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2
Q

What is the definition of health promotion?

A

The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health.

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3
Q

Name some principles of health promotion.

A
Empowering
Participatory 
Holistic 
Intersectoral
Equitable 
Sustainable 
Multi-strategy
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4
Q

Name three sociological perspectives of health promotion.

A

Structural critiques - focus on individual responsibility
Surveillance critiques - monitoring and regulating population
Consumption critiques - lifestyle choices are tied up with identity construction - looking after your health is a ‘consumer luxury’.

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5
Q

Name 5 approaches to health promotion.

A

Medical or preventive
Behaviour change - campaigns
Educational - information giving
Empowerment - e.g. Smoking apps for smokers
Social change - no smoking in public places

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6
Q

What is the aim of primary prevention? E.g.?

A

Preventing onset of disease in the first place - reducing exposure to risk e.g. Mass immunisation, preventing contact with risk factors, reducing risk factors from health related behaviours e.g. Smoking.

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7
Q

What is the aim of secondary prevention? E.g?

A

To detect and treat disease at AN EARLY STAGE to prevent progression or future complications e.g. Breast cancer screening, BP monitoring.

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8
Q

What is the aim of tertiary disease?

A

To minimise the effects of an established disease e.g. renal transplant, steroids for asthma.

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9
Q

Name five potential dilemmas of health promotion.

A

Ethics of interfering in people’s lives - people’s rights
Victim blaming - housing conditions
Fallacy of empowerment - social issues not just ‘unhealthy’ environments
Reinforcing negative stereotypes e.g. HIV drug users
Unequal distribution of responsibility - left up to women.

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10
Q

What is the prevention paradox in health promotion?

A

Interventions that make a difference at population level might not have much effect on the individual.
Awareness of anomalies and randomness.

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11
Q

What are the three types of evaluation in health promotion?

A

Process
Impact
Outcome

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12
Q

What is process evaluation?

A

Focuses on assessing the PROCESS of programme implementation.
How it is put into place e.eg. Kids breakfast club

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13
Q

What is impact evaluation?

A

Assessing the immediate effects of intervention.

Easiest, most popular.

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14
Q

What is outcome evaluation?

A

Measures long term consequences - what is achieved e.g. Has it reduced symptoms?
Timing important - some interventions may take a long time to have effect, others will decay quickly.

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15
Q

What are some difficulties of evaluating health promotion strategies?

A

Design of intervention
Possible lag time of effect
Confounding factors
High cost of evaluation research

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