Health Promotion Flashcards
How does health education differ from health promotion?
Health education - looks at educating the individual in a specific disease /s
Health promotion - a broader approach - encompasses political and social factors to educate the public
What is the definition of health promotion?
The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health.
Name some principles of health promotion.
Empowering Participatory Holistic Intersectoral Equitable Sustainable Multi-strategy
Name three sociological perspectives of health promotion.
Structural critiques - focus on individual responsibility
Surveillance critiques - monitoring and regulating population
Consumption critiques - lifestyle choices are tied up with identity construction - looking after your health is a ‘consumer luxury’.
Name 5 approaches to health promotion.
Medical or preventive
Behaviour change - campaigns
Educational - information giving
Empowerment - e.g. Smoking apps for smokers
Social change - no smoking in public places
What is the aim of primary prevention? E.g.?
Preventing onset of disease in the first place - reducing exposure to risk e.g. Mass immunisation, preventing contact with risk factors, reducing risk factors from health related behaviours e.g. Smoking.
What is the aim of secondary prevention? E.g?
To detect and treat disease at AN EARLY STAGE to prevent progression or future complications e.g. Breast cancer screening, BP monitoring.
What is the aim of tertiary disease?
To minimise the effects of an established disease e.g. renal transplant, steroids for asthma.
Name five potential dilemmas of health promotion.
Ethics of interfering in people’s lives - people’s rights
Victim blaming - housing conditions
Fallacy of empowerment - social issues not just ‘unhealthy’ environments
Reinforcing negative stereotypes e.g. HIV drug users
Unequal distribution of responsibility - left up to women.
What is the prevention paradox in health promotion?
Interventions that make a difference at population level might not have much effect on the individual.
Awareness of anomalies and randomness.
What are the three types of evaluation in health promotion?
Process
Impact
Outcome
What is process evaluation?
Focuses on assessing the PROCESS of programme implementation.
How it is put into place e.eg. Kids breakfast club
What is impact evaluation?
Assessing the immediate effects of intervention.
Easiest, most popular.
What is outcome evaluation?
Measures long term consequences - what is achieved e.g. Has it reduced symptoms?
Timing important - some interventions may take a long time to have effect, others will decay quickly.
What are some difficulties of evaluating health promotion strategies?
Design of intervention
Possible lag time of effect
Confounding factors
High cost of evaluation research