Health Promotion

Question 0

Evidence and policy for nutrition health promotion

Answer 0

Use educational and behavioural change theories to instigate belief healthy diet leads to better health-will reduce salt and fat intake
Uk women’s cohort study- fruit and veg associated with ses, education, smoking status
Change4life
Changes to food packaging labelling
Health and wellbeing boards

Question 1

Evidence for smoking health promotion

Answer 1

Patient centred approach more effective than blanket advice
Smoke free workplaces encourage people to quit
Nicotine replacement is effective
Generic self help no better than advice but better than nothing
Smoke free campaigns
E-cigarettes- currently under investigation by mhra
Health lives healthy people

Question 2

Evidence and policy for exercise health promotion

Answer 2

Exercise on prescription- some evidence of benefit but low quality studies
Motivational signs to use the stairs work
Start active, stay active
CMO guidelines on minimum activity

Question 3

Evidence and policy for alcohol health promotion

Answer 3

Individualise
Harm reduction as well as abstinence
GPs providing advice and counselling is useful
NHS health check alcohol risk assessment
Health and wellbeing boards alcohol services
Change4life
Minimum pricing come in to effect in April (floor price above duty plus VAT NOT minimum unit pricing)

Question 4

Evidence and policy for good mental health promotion

Answer 4

No health without mental health-public health outcomes framework, campaigns to promote awareness, target school based programmes, early intervention for psychosis
Promote healthy living and exercise

Question 5

Evidence and policy for drugs health promotion

Answer 5

Rates of drug misuse are declining but still a significant problem
Causes crime, physical health problems, family problems
Misuse of drugs regulations
School based programmes
Helplines
Parenting programmes
Mass media campaigns
Reduce risk factors- social isolation, unemployment, alcohol, smoking

Question 6

Evidence and policy for health promotion for falls

Answer 6

Weekly group exercise reduces falls
Nhs England falls prevention programme
National clinical director for elderly care

Question 7

Evidence and policy risky sexual behaviours and teen pregnancy health promotion

Answer 7

Use of social networks interesting development with little evidence base 
Text messaging useful 
Computer based education useful 
Target programmes to those at risk 
Opportunistic testing 
Clear messages

Question 8

Health field concept

Answer 8

Canadian minister for health
Health care services not most important determinant of health
Focuses on lifestyle and not enough on environment
Pivotal to growth of health promotion as a discipline

Question 9

Health rainbow

Answer 9

Dahlgren and whitehead
Individuals- demographics, lifestyle
Communities- bottom up improvements in environment
Access - healthcare, education, work, housing, food
Macroeconomics - legislation, culture, politics
Does not explain relationship between tiers
Provoke debate

Question 10

Health field model

Answer 10

Health includes functional status and wellbeing
Describes relationship between determinants
Social, physical environment, genetics, behaviours, access and quality of healthcare
How factors are influenced and therefore how they can be modified

Question 11

Social determinants framework

Answer 11

Social stratification e,g education, housing, employment
Different exposures
Different vulnerability
Different consequences 
Generates health inequities
Shows points for policy intervention

Question 12

Implementing a health promotion strategy

Answer 12

What are the tasks?
What are the processes?
What are the risks?

Question 13

Evaluating a health promotion strategy

Answer 13

WHO working group on evaluating health promotion

1. Evaluation group
2. What did programme set out to do
3. Decide on and collect data
4. Analyse- strengths, weaknesses, observed vs expected (what were set standards), implications
5. Make recommendations, disseminate and act upon