Health promotion Flashcards
leading cause of death in all ages
heart disease
cancer
accidents
**
wht is the top three cancer deaths
Lung
colon
pancreas
what is the most common cancer
skin cancer
most common type of skin cancer
basal cell
what cancer causes the majority of skin cancer deaths
melanoma
most common cancer by gender is men
prostate cancer
what is the most common cancer for women
breast cancer
Sensitivity
A sensitive test is very good at identifying/detecting those people who have the disease (true positive).
An easy way to remember is to think of “sensitivity—rule in” or “SIN.”
Specificity
A specific screening test is very good at identifying/detecting those people without the disease (true negative).
An easy way to remember is to think of “specificity—rule out” or “SPOUT.”
USPSTF recommends ASA use to prevent cardiac disease and colorectal cancer guidelines
Aged 50 to 59 years with ≥10% CVD risk: Initiate low-dose aspirin use for primary prevention of cardiovascular and colorectal cancer in patients who are not at increased risk for bleeding with life expectancy of at least 10 years and who are willing to take low-dose aspirin daily for at least 10 years
Aged ≥70 years: Insufficient evidence about aspirin use for primary prevention
Baseline mammogram should start at age
50 and repeat every 2 years until age 74
women who have the BRCA gene should obtain MRI and mammogram when
every year starting at age 30
Cervical screening for Pap begins at what age
21
age 21- 29 pap smear is done
every 3 years w/cervical cytology alone
30 - 65 yrs pap is done
every 3 yrs with cytology alone and 5 yr with high risk HPV
Colorectal cancer screening should begin at at
45
There are several methods that are acceptable for screening people with average risk of colon cancer:
Colonoscopy every 10 years
Flexible sigmoidoscopy or CT colonography every 5 years
High-sensitivity fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) every year (if positive, needs colonoscopy)
Stool DNA (SDNA) every 1 or 3 years (if positive, needs colonoscopy)
Total lipid profile after a 9-hour (minimum) fast and universal lipid screening in all adults aged
40 - 75
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends the use of low- to moderate-dose statin for adults with no history of CVD (primary prevention) when all of the following criteria are met:
Aged 40 to 75 years
The patient has one or more CVD risk factors (e.g., dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus [DM], hypertension, smoking).
The patient has a calculated 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event of ≥10%.
Aged ≥76 years without history of heart attack or stroke (insufficient evidence)
The likelihood that a patient benefits from statin therapy depends on their absolute baseline risk of having a future CVD event.
lung cancer screening should be done
Screening for persons who smoke (30 pack-years) or have quit in the past 15 years
Aged 55 to 80 years: Annual screening with low-dose CT (LDCT)
Discontinue screening once person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.
Prostate screening
55 - 69 years old individualized decision
abdominal aortic aneurysm screening for men
65-75 one time screening with US in men age 65 - 75 who have smoked
blood pressure screening begins at what age
18 years old
osteoporosis screening begins at age
65 yrs old
Risk factors for Breast cancer
older than 50
hx of breast cancer
BRCA1 and BRCA2
relatives with Breast cancer
early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity
obesity
Hep B is given when
0, 1, 6 months with 4 week intervals
If a patient had only one dose of hepatitis B vaccine, what is recommended?
Do not restart the hepatitis B series again. If only one dose, give the second dose. Catch up until the three-dose series is completed.
Tetanus/diphtheria (Td) Tetanus/diphtheria/acellular pertussis (Tdap) given when
every 10 years for life
Trivalent flu vaccine - Fluzone and Fluad are for age
65 and older
varicella is given when
12- 15 months, second dose age 4- 6 yrs old
Shingles/zoster
age 50 2 dosees seperated by 2 - 6 mo
Meningococcal conjugate vaccine quadrivalent (MCV4)
ages 11- 12 and booster age 16
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)
infants and some over 65 who are not immunocompromised
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23)
65 and older booster every 5 years
Flu vaccine should not be given to who
< 6 months old
severe allegies to gelatin, gemacin
How long does it take for the flu vaccine to become effective?
2 weeks
How long does immunity from influenza vaccine last?
6 months
When can the Tdap be used as a booster in adolescents and adults?
The Tdap can be substituted for a single dose of Td (once in a lifetime) starting at 11–12 years of age.
What vaccine is recommended for persons who are 65 years of age?
Give Pneumovax (PPSV23) at 65 years of age. If patient presents in the fall/winter season, also offer influenza vaccine. If immunocompromising condition, CSF leak, or cochlear implant, do not give PPSV23.
If a person is vaccinated with Pneumovax before the age of 65, what is recommended?
Give a booster dose of Pneumovax 5 years after the initial dose.
What is the preferred vaccine for shingles prophylaxis?
Shingrix
How long are persons with shingles contagious?
Shingles is infectious until all the skin lesions are dry and crusted. Follow contact precautions
For patients aged 65 years or older, the higher-dosed vaccines ______ are more effective
Fluad, fluzone high dose
is a new single-dose antiviral drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza within 2 days of illness onset in people aged ≥12 years who are otherwise healthy or at high risk of developing complications from an influenza infection.
Baloxivir marboxil (xofluza)
Pregnant mothers can they get hep B
yes
If a person is infected with Hep B, give
Hep B vaccine in addition to Hep B immune Globulin.
When to give Tdap vs Dtapvs Td?Dtap<7
Dtapschedule: 2,4,6 months and booster at age 15-19 months and 4-5 yrs.
Tdap >7 yrs.Know Td is every 10 years.
Tdap is once in a lifetime.
Td is given every 10 years (after one Tdap/lifetime).
Td is given prophylactically if patient was cut with rusty metal as early as 5yrs from previous vaccine.
Know pregnant woman get one Tdap during pregnancy.
earliest you can vaccinate a baby with flu vaccine is
6 monthse
earliest you can vaccinate baby with MMR and VZV is
one year
HPV is given to
boys and girls by age 9 can start
