Health Promotion

Question 1

Diet

Answer 1

M:2500
W: 2000

• 5 portions of fruit and veg a day 1/3
• base meals on higher fibre starchy foods
• dairy
• beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat/other protein
• choose unsaturated oils and spreads, and eat in small amounts
• starch 1/3
• Portions of fish per week - 2 –>1 oily
• saturated fat M:40mgs
• saturated fat F: 30mgs

6-8 glasses of water

Implications:
- Heart disease
- Type 2 diabetes
- Some cancers
- Stroke

NHS weight loss plan
Wt management programmes
Meal preps?
moderation?

Question 2

Exercise

Answer 2

150 mins moderate 4-5 times a week
HR higher?

moderate - brisk walking, riding a bike, doubles tennis

vigorous - running, swimming, walking up the stairs

drive less
mix of abilities

Question 3

Smoking

Answer 3

Are you aware of the risks? 7/10 case of lung cancer
passive smoking increases risk of same conditions increased risk of SIDS
£1800
7000 chemicals produced

a year after smoking the risk of MI is halved

Quit smoking app
patches
services
plan
avoid triggers

Question 4

Alcohol

Answer 4

No more than 14 units a week spread across 3 or more days e.g. 6 175ml glass of wine or 6 pins of 4%

lowered bp
lowered caloric intake
wt management
lowered risk of stroke, HTN, cancer and liver disease

Question 5

BMI

Answer 5

weight (kg) x height m^2

ideal is 18.5-24.9

below 18.5 – you’re in the underweight range
between 18.5 and 24.9 – you’re in the healthy weight range
between 25 and 29.9 – you’re in the overweight range
30 or over – you’re in the obese range

Question 6

Alcohol units

Answer 6

1 unit - single spirit shot 25ml (40%),
Normal beer half pint (284ml) 4%

1.5 units - small glass of wine (125ml) 12.5%,
Alcopops bottle (275ml) 5.5%

2 units - strong beer half pint (284ml) 6.5%
Normal beer Large bottle/can (440ml) 4.5%
Medium glass of wine (175ml) 12.5%

3 units - Strong beer Large bottle/can (440ml) 6.5%
Large glass (250ml) 12.5%

9 units - Bottle of wine (750ml) 12.5%

30 units - bottle of spirits (750ml) 40%

Question 7

Diet for Diabetics

Answer 7

• Low in refined carbs more wholegrain/brown foods
• low in sugar
• less saturated fat
• generally have less of food high in fat, salt and sugar
• The more colours the more vitamins and minerals
  prevent stroke, heart disease, htn and some cancers
• lower fat dairy products and unsweetened alternatives
• 5 a day
• Diabetes UK have lots of swaps and recipes

Type 1 - where the pancreas doesn’t produce any insulin
Type 2 - where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body’s cells don’t react to insulin.

Signs and symptoms: thirst, urinating frequently, fatigue, weight loss, slow healing, thrush and/or blurred vision.

Diagnosis: urinalysis (Glucose and ketones) blood glucose testing 4-7mmol/lab results, blood/urine tests

Treatments:
DM1-insulin
DM2- healthy lifestyle, insulin/meds

Side effects:
- Retinopathy
- Foot problems
- MI/CVA
- Nephropathy
- Nerve damage
- Gum disease/mouth
Recognising deteriorating situation: Hypo/hypers, Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS), DKA

Question 8

Diet for heart disease

Answer 8

healthy diet helps to lower the risk of developing coronary heart disease and stop weight gain, reducing the risk of diabetes, HTN, lower cholesterol, and benefit the heart with an existing condition
- low in salt, fat and sugar–> HTN, CHD
- Heart matters service /healthy recipe finder/heart health magazine
- Saturated fats –>CHD

Question 9

Heart disease

Answer 9

narrowed arteries by fatty material
Angina

Signs and symptoms: chest pain, other pain radiating to arms L mainly, lightheaded/dizzy, sweating, SoB, nausea/vomiting, anxiety, coughing/wheezing. W- back jaw pain, nausea+vom, SoB

Diagnosis: ECG, acute cardiac care unit/ cardiac cath unit - cath lab for angio/cath, BT - troponin, CXR, Echo

Recognising deterioration: haemodynamic deterioration and sudden death, lack of o2 - starving the brain - irreversible neuro & necrosis.

Question 10

Stroke

Answer 10

change in type of food
small frequent meals
prescribed nutritionally dense drinks/puddings.
balanced diet to prevent

Signs and symptoms: begin suddenly - face drooping, not able to lift both arms/weakness, slurred speech.

Diagnosis: scans (CT/MRI), physical tests, BT (HDL/BM), pulse for arrhythmia, heart and blood vessel test, bp.

Recognising deteriorating situation: EoL/ weakness, paralysis, numbness/burning/tingling,