health promotion Flashcards
what is health promotion?
- “the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.”
- “Giving people the information or resources they need to improve their health. As well as improving people’s skills and capabilities, it can also involve changing the social and environmental conditions and systems that affect health.“
a shared responsibility across a range of sectors and services and not just a domain of the National Health Service.
- “Giving people the information or resources they need to improve their health. As well as improving people’s skills and capabilities, it can also involve changing the social and environmental conditions and systems that affect health.“
what are the three pillars of health promotion?
1-Good Governance - strengthening governance and policies to make healthy choice accessible and affordable to all
2-Healthy Cities - creating greener cities that enable people to live work and play in harmmony and in good health
3-Health Literacy - knowledge and understanding of healthy living
Which behaviours impact adversely on health?
- Brushing teeth
- Sex
- Smoking
- Drugs
- Drinking
- Stress
- Sleep
Eating habits
Health conditions associated with unhealthy behaviours
- Mental health
- Aids
- Diabeties
- Smoking
- Asthma
- Not brushing teeth
Dementia
What are the good behaviours?
- Swim
- Yoga
- Exercise
- Mobility - building muscle back
- Eating healthy
- Stop smoking
- Gender equality
- Diet - balanced diet
- Relaxation time
- Stop alcohol
- Sleep
- No drugs
Brushing your teeth
what are the 12 tips to be healthy by WHO?
- eat healthy diet
- be physically active
- get vaccinated
- dont use any form of tabbaco
- avoid/minimize use of alcohol
- manage stress for your physical and mental health
- practice good hygiene
- dont speed/ drink and drive
- wear a seat belt when driving and helmet when cycling
- practice safe sex
- regularly check health
- breast feeding - best for babies
How to change behaviour?
- Effortful - planning to be healthy
- Effortless - conscious effort - bus stop changes so have to walk further
- Individual
Whole population - media campaigns
How to change behaviour?
Personal reflection
How can pharmacists do health promotion?
- Stop smoking clinic - formal advice or OTC products
Health checks - diabetes, blood pressure, weight
what is nhs health checks
Assessing someone’s risk - clincial assessment - diabeties, hypertension, CKD
risk assessment - medication, liofestyle, signposting
lifestyle risk management - stop smoking, alcohol, physical activity
risk assessment - gender, ethnicity, fam history
what is the use of Healthy living pharmacy framework
- Promotive change , prevention and protection
Willingness of patient and signposting
What is the role of pharmacies in health promotion - what is healthy living pharmacy
- a community hub
-health promoting environment
-trained health champions on site
-pharmacy leadership
-health and wellbeing ethos
-local stakeholder engagement
-consistent high quality service delivery
-caters to public needs of the community
-proactive,friendly approachable staff
-innovative and initiative delivery
What is the impact of healthy living pharmacies
- improve public health and drive improvements in service quality and innovation
2.people going into healthy living pharmacy are twice as likely to set a quit date for smoking compared to a non-healthy living pharmacy
What are the key determinants of behaviour
self-efficacy
emotional reactions
self standards
perceived normative pressure
anticipated outcome
- Knowledge
- Memory, attention , decision making
- Behavioural regulation
Nature of the behaviours
which will leads to intentions
( can be effected by skills and environmental constraints)
This leads to behaviour change
what is the com-b system?
a framework for understanding behaviour
capability, motivation, opportunity –> behaviour
What is capability split into
physical capability (physical skill)- having the skill to take a blood sample
psychological capability - the capacity to engage in necessary thought processes- comprehension and reasoning - awareness of co2 in the environment
what is motivation split into
reflective motivation - reflective processes, involving evaluation and plans - deciding which fridge to buy depending on the energy performances
automatic motivation - automatic processes involving emotions and impulses that arise from associative learning - deciding to buy a car based on the attractive model in the advertising campaign
what is opportunity split into
physical opportunity - opportunity afforded by the environment - being able to go running because you own running shoes
social opportunity - opportunity afforded by the cultural milieu that dictates the way that we think about things - being able to smoke in the house of someone who smoked but not in the middle of a meeting
How can you influence behavioural change?
Persuasive communication and interaction
Appropriate follow up
CPD to ensure best practice
Adherence to best practice guidelines
Interventions that work:
-Interventions targeted at eating, physical activity, sexual behaviour, addictive behaviours, stress management, screening for women, use of health services.
-Shorter interventions are more effective
-Targeting women and older people more effective
main focus of health behavouirs
- Smoking
Obesity
what is smoking cessation
Much research draws on a stage model approach & suggests smoking cessation refers to factors such as action plans, goal setting & the transition through stages.
However long term smoking cessation may not be the result of plans.
West & Sohal (2006) found smokers & ex-smokers reported unplanned attempts & these were more successful than planned.
Wite the stages
what is weight loss maintenance
Majority of obese people regain the weight they lose, but a small minority show weight loss maintenance.
Research suggest many factors that predict successful weight loss maintenance, in particular long term weight loss maintenance is associated with a behavioural model of obesity (Ogden, 2000).
how can obesity harm health
heart disease
cancer
liver disease
reproductive complications
depression and anxiety
stroke
asthma
sleep apnoea
type 2 diabetes
osteoarthritis - back pain
