Health Needs Assessment - Mary Lyons Flashcards
What is health needs assessment?
The approach of systematically reviewing health issues facing a population. This will lead to agreed priorities and resource allocation that will improve health and reduce inequalities.
Why HNA?
To provide information to PLAN, NEGOTIATE and CHANGE services for the better. This can be done in relation to any activities which have an impact on health.
What is the need for a HNA?
- Recommend public health TOOL to help professionals use available EVIDENCE to ensure services meet population health needs.
- Provides opportunity to ENGAGE with populations, allow people to have their say in relation to health priorities and resource allocation.
- Increase efficiency/effectiveness of services.
- More health gain for each £ spent.
Name models of health.
Social model of health,
Medical model of health,
Humanist view of health
Social model of health
State of complete physical, mental and social well-being not merely the absence of disease.
The extent to which an individual or group is able to realise ASPIRATIONS and SATISFY NEEDS, and to also CHANGE or COPE with ENVIRONMENT.
Health is seen as a RESOURCE OF EVERYDAY LIFE, not the object of living, a positive concept emphasising SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RESOURCES as well as PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES.
Medical model of health
Health is the absence of disease.
Humanist view of health
Health is more to do with well-being, more than the absence of disease. Good health is the power of overcoming disease which is present. Bad health occurs when the ability to overcome the effects of disease is lost.
Dahlgren and Whitehead influences of health.
Range of personal, soci-economic and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations.
How do we classify need?
Maslow’s hiercarchy of needs and Bradshaw’s taxonomy of needs
Bradshaw’s model of need
Felt - individual unexpressed perceptions of variation from normal health.
Expressed - individual seek help to overcome variation from normal health.
Normative - professionals define interventions to meet expressed need.
Comparative - comparison between needs using severity, size, range of interventions, cost
Stevens and Gabbay model
Need based on the medical model of health.
Need - potential to benefit from health care
Demand - expressed need for services
Supply - that which is available
Epidemiological needs assessment.
Involves development and application of an instrument to detect and measure individuals who will benefit from an intervention, measuring demand and applying to specific populations.
Pragmatically - consideration and triangulation of; estimates of incidence and/or prevalence; existing services; i.d of possible modifications to improve effectiveness or reduce inequalities.
Main stages in HNA.
- Definition of pop./issue and type of HNA required
- Assessment of incidence and/or prevalence (i.e. how many people need the service or intervention)
- (Cost) effectiveness of services
- Finding out what already exist, exploring opportunities for release of resources to facilitate any changes.
Comparative need.
How disease and provision compares in one region to another. Requires standardisation of disease data if quantitative data are being used.
