health models Flashcards
what are social cognitions?
Beliefs, attitudes and knowledge towards a health behaviour.
What are the two different types of social cognition models?
Continuum and stage models
people are likely to perform a behaviour based on their position on a continuum what is this?
Continuum model
people move through stages towards behaviour, what is this?
Stage model
Example of a continuum model
Theory of planned behaviour (Azjen 1990) and Health Belief Model (Rosenstock 1966, Becker 1977)
Example of a stage model
Transtheoretical Model (diclemente & prochaska (1983)
What are the components in Health belief model (Rosenstock, 1966 and Becker, 1977)
Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity Perceived barriers Perceived benefits Cues to action Health Motivation Demographic variables Psychological characteristic
What is perceived susceptibility?
How likely an individual is to get a disease
most powerful component of changing health behaviours
what is perceived severity?
individuals beliefs of the seriousness of the disease
what is Perceived barriers?
Individuals opinion of the obstacles in the way of adopting new health behaviours
What is Perceived benefit?
Individuals opinion of how useful the new health behaviour is in decreasing the old health behaviour
What are cues to action?
Cues of action are people events or things that move people to change their behaviour
What is the underlying concept of the original health belief model?
is that health behaviour is determined by personal beliefs or perceptions about disease and the strategies available to decrease it occurrence
Each of the four main HBM dimensions produced a statistically significant correlation with vaccination behaviours who said this?
Aho (1979)
Found barriers, benefits and susceptibility were good predictors of health however severity was not who said this?
janz & becker (1984)
found four therapy based interventions drawing upon the effective sue of HBM on increased mammographs by an average of 23% compared to usual care who said this?
yasbroff & mandelblatt (1999)
Found perceived susceptibility and severity of HIV infection, perceived benefits of condom use and cues to action did not help to explain condom use thus disconfirming HBM in this sample, who said this?
Wiggers et al (2003)
individuals are rational and weigh up the pros and cons of behaviour, who said this?
mattson (1998)
What is the Concept of Theory of Planned Behaviour?
Suggests that behaviour is deliberate and can be predicated and planned and drive by intentions which are functions of our attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. it is an extension of the theory of reasoned action
What are the components of Theory of Planned behaviour?
Subject norms
Perceived behaviour control
behavioural attitudes
intentions
What are subjective norms?
the belief of others people, whose opinions are valued.
what is perceived behaviour control?
The individuals evaluation of the extent to which performance of the behaviour is easy or difficult
What is behavioural attitudes?
The beliefs that an individual has about a particular behaviour, Attitudes are the strongest predictor of intention.
What is intention?
our intentions to perform the behaviour, determined by attitudes, subject norms, and perceived behavioural control, intentions are the strongest predictor of behaviour
Found strong correlation between interns and behaviour (attitude, subject norms and PBC) which shows tab is useful in predicting the consumption of low fat diet, who said this?
Armitage & Connor (1999)
Controlling for socio-demographic and behavioural factors showed that perceived behavioural control and subjective norms for condom use were the main social-cognitive determinants of consistent condom use therefore confining TPB
Wiggers et al (2003)
What did povey et al (2002) find?
TPB was a good predictor of the intentions of eating 5 a day, but it wasn’t good a predicting actual behaviour. This shows that other factors such as opportunities time and money and the availability of food may also be heavily influential in actual behaviour
Example of a con for TPB?
Too unrealistic: assumes all behaviour is rational and people always follow through on behaviours they intend to, fails to take into account any irrational determinants of behaviour. also impulsive behaviour do not exist
What is the main concept within Transtheoretical model of change (prochaska &Diclemente 1983)
people are assumed to move through stages in order but they may relapse from action or maintenance to an earlier stage. people may cycle through the stages several times before achieving long-term behaviour change.
What is behavioural change drive by?
decisional making, self efficacy and temptations
What is decisional making and who came up with it ?
pros vs cons of behaviour janis & mann (1977)
what is self efficacy and who came up with it?
the confidence individuals have in performing the new health behaviour, bandora (1997)
what are the components of the TTM?
pre contemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance relapse
What is pre-contemplation?
individuals no intention of changing their behaviour within the next 6 months, unaware or consequences
What is Contemplation?
individuals intend on changing their behaviour in the next 6 months, weigh up pros and cons of behaviour
What is Preparation?
individuals intention to change their behaviour within the next month may not know how to get to the next stage.
What is action?
efforts to modify behaviour in the last 6 months, takes significant time and energy
What is maintenance?
works to prevent relapse and retains the gains made in the action stage
What did spencer et al 2002 find?
There is evidence of validity of TTM in smoking cessation and appress to be strong and growing
What did marcus et al 2002 find?
That pros and cons and decisional making (pros vs cons) was related to exercise adoption
