Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y4 Poultry studies > Health investigations > Flashcards

Health investigations Flashcards

1
Q

What flock details are important for health investigations?

A
  • Source of replacement stock
  • Stocking density
  • Biosecurity measures
  • Overall flock health
  • Vaccine protocols
  • Parasite protocols
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What biosecurity measures needed to be considered for investigation health problems?

A
  • source of birds/eggs
  • nearby water sources
  • waste disposal
  • introducing new birds?
  • disinfectant usage + effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What management aspects are relevant for health investigations?

A 
Feeding regime
Feed products 
Use of grit and treats
Water source
Vermin control
Parasitic control
Vaccine protocol
Housing + shelter
Access to wild bird population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What housing aspects are relevant for investigating flock health?

A

Assess their environment

Examine equipment used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How should chickens be held?

A

Legs restrained with supporting hands

Support bird’s chest with hand or arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the risks posed by improper handling?

A
  • respiratory distress
  • skeletal injuries
  • stress
  • death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What danger is presented by holding birds tightly by the chest?

A

Movement of air sacs for breathing is prevented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the main groups of air sacs?

A

Clavicular
Thoracic
Abdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How should turkeys be handled?

A

Supporting hand should restrain legs
Bird should be tucked under arm
Bird should face away from you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the normal TPR parameters?

A

T 40-42°C
HR 120-160 bpm
RR 20-130 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which is the most significant clinical exam parameter?

A

(Increased) temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What should comprise a poultry clinical exam?

A 
Temperature
Mouth
Oropharynx
External parasites
Vent
Abdomen
Feathers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should the vent be checked for?

A

Discharge
Prolapse
Diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What should the abdomen be examined for?

A

Bird’s conformation

Ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What checks could be done for the feathers?

A

Cleanliness
Breaks
Plumage covering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What external parasites affect poultry?

A
  • lice
  • red mite
  • Northern fowl mite
  • scaly leg mite
  • de-pluming mite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do avian RBCs differ from mammalian ones?

A

Nucleated erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What elements are there for faecal examination?

A
  1. Faecal sample
    - cloacal swab
    - dropping collected
  2. Parasites
    * worm eggs
    * protozoal oocysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the worm species that affect chickens.

A 
Trichostronglyes
Heterakis gallinarum
Syngamus trachea
Capillaria
Ascaridia galli
Trichomonas gallinae
Amidostomum nodulosum (gizzard worm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What protozoal species affecting chickens?

A 
Eimeria (5 spp in chickens)
Histomonas meleagridis
Hexamita meleagridis
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas gallinae
Cryptosporidia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What imaging modalities are feasible for poultry diagnostics?

A
  • Radiography
  • Ultrasound
  • Endoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What imaging modality can be used for sexing chicks?

A

Endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What features of the head should be checked during a clinical exam? What is normal?

A 
Nostril -- dry
Comb -- red
Comb colour, shape + brightness
Beak -- normal shape
Feathers -- present, shiny
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What body features indicate a healthy individual?

A 
Good weight
Sufficient musculature for age - check breast m
Clean vent
Smooth, strong shanks
Straight toes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What features can be used to assess BCS?

Scale 1-5

A
  • Fat coverage on pin bones

* Breast m covering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What effect does excess weight have for egg production?

A

Poor number of eggs laid if overweight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which bones are fused in a bird’s wing?

A

Metacarpals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the name of the bone adjoining the metacarpals?

A

Alua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In the leg, what bone connects the femur and the tarsometatarsus?

A

Tibiotarsus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the layman term for the tibiotarsus?

A

Shank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What bone does the spur originate from?

A

Tibioatarsus (shank)

32
Q

What might curled toes be indicative of in poultry?

A

Riboflavin deficiency

33
Q

What pathogen could cause swollen hock presentation?

A

Staphylococcus infection

– causing localised arthritis and tenosynovitis

34
Q

What TPR parameter is highly sensitive to anaesthesia?

A

Temperature

35
Q

What skeletal conditions are poultry susceptible to?

A 
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
Spondylosis
Bent breast bone
Rickets
Bent toes
36
Q

What does the condition ‘roach back’ present as?

A

Kyphosis of spinal column

37
Q

What type of skin glands to poultry possess?

A

No skin glands
No sebaceous glands
No skin glands

38
Q

What glands are present in poultry?

A

Specialised glands found at specific locations:

    • uropygieal (preen) gland
    • within auditory canal
    • ventral glands of cloaca
39
Q

What is the function of the uropygieal gland?

A

Production of lipid secretions for maintaining normal feather oiliness

40
Q

What is the brood patch?

A

When the caudal ventral apterium loses either part or all feathers prior to laying for better, direct contact with eggs and chicks

41
Q

Describe the feature of the brood patch.

A

Mostly at the caudal half of the ventral apertium
Hormone controlled feather loss
Becomes highly vascularised
Contains many thermoreceptors

42
Q

What regulates formation of brood patch?

A

Hormone controlled

43
Q

When do feathers of brood patch regrow?

A

During subsequent cycle of moulting

44
Q

What are the functions of feathers?

A
  • Flight
  • Insulation
  • Incubation/brooding
  • Moulting
45
Q

What natural behaviours should outdoor kept birds be able to exhibit?

A

Sun bathing
Dust-bathing
Foraging
Scratching

46
Q

What does wing clipping entail?

A

Using sharp scissors

Cuts first 10 long feathers of wings (leave 11th)

47
Q

What problems are associated with feathers?

A
  • feather pecking
  • moulting
  • wing clipping
  • Cnemidocoptes (de-pluming mite)
48
Q

What signs indicate presence of skin disease?

A 
Discoloured comb:
-- pale
-- purple/black/yellow
White flakes
White spots
Localised feather loss
Scabs/crusts
Breast blisters
Wounds
Ear infections
Ringworm
Bumblefoot
Overgrown spurs
Vent pecking
49
Q

Give a differential diagnosis for a purple, cyanotic comb?

A

Erysipelas rhusiopathiae

50
Q

What diagnostic method should be used to confirm presence of mites?

A

Miscroscopic examination

51
Q

What external parasites can affect poultry?

A 
Scaly leg mite
Northern fowl mite
Roost mite 
Knemidocoptes (de-pluming mite)
Poultry louse
Dermanyssus gallinae (red mite)
Menopon gallinae (fowl louse)
52
Q

What potential treatments can be considered for external parasites?

A

Ivermectin

Permethrin-based powders

53
Q

Where are red mites predominantly found?

A

Corners of shelter + housing

54
Q

Where are Northern fowl mite most commonly seen on poultry?

A

Feathers close to vent

55
Q

What treatment CANNOT be used for Knemidocoptes? Why?

A

Fipronil – not licensed in poultry

56
Q

What treatments are available for lice?

A

Permethrin powders

57
Q

What products are suitable for treating mites?

A

Permethrin louse powders

58
Q

What roundworm species affect poultry and at what sites of the avian body?

A 
Capillaria -- intestines
Ascaridia galli -- intestines
Trichostrongyles -- intestines
Heterakis gallinarum -- caeca
Amidostomum nodulosum -- gizzard
59
Q

What tapeworm species affect poultry?

A

Raillientina spp

60
Q

What are the effects of poultry parasitism?

A 
Loss of FCR
Drop in egg production
Malnutrition
Welfare issue
Stress on host body
Loss of BW + condition
Potential immunosuppression
General ill thrift
61
Q

What is a particularly severe risk posed by Ascarid parasitism?

A

Ascarid impaction of intestines

62
Q

Where does Syngamus traches affect?

A

Trachea

63
Q

What are the signs of parasitism by Syngamus traches?

A

Gasping by host

Haemorrhage of respiratory tract

64
Q

What is the genus, species and common name for the ‘Y-shaped worm’?

A

Syngamus trachea

Gapeworm

65
Q

What treatment should be used for internal parasites?

A

Flubendazole

66
Q

How should treatment of endoparasites be administered?

A

Use Flubendazole in feed for 7d
Stir food daily + add small qty of oil to make powder adhere to feed
Alt: use in drinking water

67
Q

How many species of Eimeria affect chickens?

A

7 species

68
Q

How many Eimeria species affect turkeys?

A

5 species

69
Q

What is the difference between Coccidiasis and Coccidiosis?

A 
Coccidiasis = infection by Eimeria
Coccidiosis = disease caued by Eimerial infection
70
Q

What pathogen causes blackhead? What host species are affected?

A

Histomonas meleagridis

    • affects turkeys esp
    • pheasants
    • quail
    • peacocks
    • guinea fowl
71
Q

What is the name of the pathogen responsible for causing canker in chickens, turkeys and pheasants?

A

Trichomonas gallinae

72
Q

What can be done to counter Trichomonas-induced canker?

A

Regular worming protocol
Cider vinegar added to d/w for 7d/mo
Use of probiotics

73
Q

What are the characteristic features of Histomonosis?

A

Yellow diarrhoea
High morbidity
Fatal if untreated

74
Q

What is the characteristic feature of Trichomonosis?

A

Yellow lesion (canker) in oropharynx caused by pathogenic damage to mucosa

75
Q

What are the features of infection by Hexamita meleagridis?

A
  • diarrhoea

* unthriftiness

Y4 Poultry studies (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions