Health inequalities 1 (R) Flashcards
What are protected characteristics
age disability gender reassignment marriage and civil partnership race religion or belief sex sexual orientation
What are the SES measures for socioeconomic inequalities
education income occupational social class housing area-based measures
What are the social class groupings
I professional II managerial & technical III-N non-manual skilled III-M manual skilled IV partly skilled V unskilled
What about people makes an area affluent or deprived
social environment, culture, community, networks
What about physical environment makes an area affluent or deprived
services, safety, transport, parks/recreation, safety, air quality
What does SIMD range of domains include data from
employment income health education, skills, training geographic access to services crime housing
What is the inverse care law
access and uptake of health services
those with greatest needs for GPs and medical health services are least likely to access it
What are the effect of health inequalities
access and uptake of health services
health behaviors
health and disease outcomes
life expectancy
What is the effect of health behaviors
smoking, diet, alcohol, exercise
What are the measurements of inequalities
absolute measures (difference)
relative measures (ratio/gradient0
simple measures
complex measures
What are the socioeconomic rank of cancers in males
- lung
- head and neck
- stomach
What are the socioeconomic rank of cancers in females
- lung
- cervical
- head and neck
What are biomedical perspectives on oral health determinants
oral hygiene sugar consumption smoking and alcohol exposure to fluoride use of dental services
What are social perspectives on oral health determinants
structural determinants - power, money, wealth
conditions of daily life
political
What are effective policies to reduce inequalities
structural changes in environment legislative and regulatory controls fiscal policies starting young community action improving accessibility of services prioritizing disadvantages population groups reorientate health services
What are ineffective interventions that increase inequalities
information based campaigns (mass media programs)
written materials (leaflets and posters)
campaigns reliant on people taking the initiative to opt in
health education campaigns designed for the whole population
approaches which involve significant costs or other barriers
What are upstream policy examples
smoking ban in public places
school food policy
sugar tax
min. wage / income taxation
What are midstream policies
community development/engagement
social prescribing/community link workers/dental health support workers
What are downstream examples
chair-side clinical prevention
smoking cessation
Describe the diff parts of the childsmile program
supervised toothbrushing program - universal
nursery and school FV program - targeted
practice and community program - U&T
What is oral health improvement advice
demonstrate and observe hands on brushing instructions
tailored advice on diet and nutrition
action plan
What is fluorides part to play in oral health improvement advice
for children from 2 years, apply varnish 2 x per year
additional 2x per year in nursery and primary schools
Where is supervised toothbrushing done
nursery - universal coverage
primary school (P1 and 2) for deprived areas
What is holistic person-centre care social prescribing
when health professionals refer/link patients to support in the community, in order to improve their health and wellbeing
