Health indicators Flashcards
Health status
An individuals or populations overall level of health and wellbeing taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality or morbidity.
Self-assessed health status
An individuals own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and life in general.
Life expectancy
The number of years on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change.
Health adjusted life expectancy
The average length of time an individual at a specific age can be expected to live in full health. That is time lived without the health consequences of disease or injury.
Mortality
Relates to death, often at a population level.
Infant mortality rate
Relates to the deaths in children between birth and their first birthday.
Under 5 Mortality rate
Measures the rate of deaths in children under five, measured per 1000 live births.
Under 5 Mortality
Relates to the deaths in children between birth and their fifth birthday.
3 contributing factors that decrease the Under 5 Mortality Rate in Australia
- Increased awareness of risk factors.
- National childhood immunisation
programs. - Improved health services
Maternal mortality
Relates to the death of mothers as a result of pregnancy or childbirth, up to 6 weeks after delivery.
2 Leading causes of Maternal Mortality
- Obstetric hemorrhage: heavy bleeding occurring as a result of pregnancy or childbirth.
- Cardiovascular disease: increased demands on the heart that occurs during pregnancy and childbirth.
Prevalence
The total number or proportion of cases at a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
Incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specified time, usually a 12-month period.
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free from illness and disability.
- measured in DALY
Years lived with disability
A measure of how many healthy years of life is lost due to disease, injury or disability
Years of life lost
A measure of how many years of expected life is lost due to premature death.
Rates of hospitalisation
Episodes of hospital care that starts with admission and ends at transfer, discharge or death.
Core activity limitation
When an individual has difficulty or requires assistance, with any three of the core activities; self-care, mobility, communication in own language.
Examples of Self care
Bathing/showering
Dressing/undressing
Eating
Going to toilet
Examples of mobility
Moving around the house
Getting in or out of chair/bed
Examples of communication in own language
Understanding/being understood by strangers, friends, family
Includes use of sign language/lip reading
4 main levels of core activity limitation
Profound - always needing help
Severe - may require help at times
Moderate - have difficulty with tasks
Mild - require aid to undertake tasks
Psychological distress
Relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individual’s level of functioning
