Health Indicators

Question 1

What are health indicators used for?

Answer 1

To reduce data handling

Question 2

What do health indicators increase?

Answer 2

Validity and Timeliness

Question 3

What must the vision/goals address?

Answer 3

Must address the impact or outcome level results and never outputs or processes.

Question 4

What is an example of vision/goal?

Answer 4

To put achieve a Zambia free of the threat of HIV

Question 5

Define a vision

Answer 5

This is usually for organizations with a mandate e.g NAC.
It should attract your audience

Question 6

Define a mission statement

Answer 6

It is usually a more elaborate description of the vision.
They are political or marketing statements at best.

Question 7

List the types of indicators

Answer 7

•input indicators
•process and output indicators
•outcome indicators
•impact indicators

Question 8

Define the objective of a goal

Answer 8

Its to address the impact or main outcome intended.
It should be SMART.

Question 9

What do the acronyms SMART stand for?

Answer 9

S-Specific
M- Measurable
A-Achievable
R-Realistic
T-Time bound

Question 10

Are the goal and objective one and the same thing?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Define interventions

Answer 11

These are sets of activities that are targeted at contributing to an outcome in a target population.

Question 12

Define activities

Answer 12

These are actions that are targeted to achieve some output.
They must be specific.

Question 13

Give an example of an activity

Answer 13

Distributing male condoms at the market.

Question 14

Define targets

Answer 14

These are the preset magnitudes of changes in indicators for a given intervention or activity.

Question 15

Define baselines

Answer 15

What is currently existing.

Question 16

Give an example of benchmarking.

Answer 16

If Ghana did it,why can’t we did it?

Question 18

What do impact indicators use?

Answer 18

Rates,ratios or percentages

Question 19

What do outcome indicators use?

Answer 19

Percentages or proportions

Question 20

What do output indicators use?

Answer 20

They use numbers

Question 21

List the types of indicators

Answer 21

-Input indicators
-Process and output indicators
-Outcome indicators
-Impact indicators

Question 22

Define input indicators

Answer 22

They refer to the resources needed for the implementation of an activity or intervention.

Question 23

Give examples of input indicators

Answer 23

•Policies
•Human resources
•Materials
•Financial resources

Question 24

Define process indicators

Answer 24

Refer to indicators to measure whether planned activities took place.

Question 25

Give examples of process indicators.

Answer 25

•holding of meetings
•conduct of training courses
•distribution of medicines
•development and testing of health education materials.

Question 26

Define output indicators

Answer 26

They add more details in relation to the product of the activity.

Question 27

Describe impact indicators

Answer 27

They refer to the health status of the target population. They do not show progress over relatively short periods of time.

Question 28

Give examples of impact indicators

Answer 28

Reduction in child mortality, reduction in child morbidity,improved nutritional status.

Question 29

Describe outcome indicators

Answer 29

Refer more specifically to the objectives of an intervention i.e its results. Its outcome. These indicators refer to the reason why it was decided to conduct certain interventions in the first place.

Question 30

Outcome indicators are a result of what?

Answer 30

Both the quantity and quality of the activities implemented.

Question 31

Give an example of an outcome indicator

Answer 31

The outcome of training of health providers in the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness should be improved management of sick children under 5 years old.

Question 32

Outcome indicators are usually measured through what?

Answer 32

Through surveys

Question 33

What do coverage indicators do?

Answer 33

Measure the extent to which the target population has received and therefore has been reached by the intervention.

Question 34

Give an example of a coverage indicator

Answer 34

Proportion of under give children with suspected pneumonia treated with antibiotics. Proportion of under five children with diarrhoea given oral rehydration therapy.

Question 35

How do coverage indicators help us

Answer 35

Allow us to know whether the desired outcome has been generated.

Question 36

What are intermediate outcome indicators?

Answer 36

These are for all the intermediate changes that the intervention is expected to bring about and that will eventually lead to the final outcome

Question 37

Hie do intermediate outcome indicators help us?

Answer 37

Help us know whether we are progressing towards achieving the expected final outcome.

Question 38

Define indicators

Answer 38

These are variables that are designed to measure changes in impact, outcomes and processes.