Health, Fitness & Personal Training Flashcards
Foundations of anatomy and physiology related to cardiac arrest, heart attacks, and the use of CPR/AED.
Biomechanics
The study of the mechanical laws governing movement of living organisms.
Chronic Diseases
Conditions lasting year or more that limits daily activities and/or require ongoing medical attention.
Training Effect
The body’s adaptation to the learned and expected stress imposed by physical activity.
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
The measure of heart rate when completely at rest.
Blood Pressure
The force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries during the two phases of the cardiac cycle.
Hypertension
High blood pressure measuring more than 140/90 mm Hg
Risk Factors
Variables associated with increased risk of disease or infection.
Obesity
An abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that may cause additional health risks.
Joint
An articulation between two bones in the body
Cartilage
Firm, flexible connective tissue that pads and protects joints and structural components of the body.
Tendons
Strong, fibrous cords made of collagen that attach muscle to bone.
Metabolism
All of the chemical processes that occur in the body to support life including converting food into energy.
Diabetes
A condition characterized by an elevated level of glucose in the blood.
Heart Disease
A term used to describe several different heart conditions.
Ligaments
Short bands of tough but flexible fibrous connective tissue connecting two bones or cartilages or holding together a joint.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
An emergency procedure involving chest compressions and, often artificial ventilation to circulate blood and preserve brain function in an individual in cardiac arrest.
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
A portable electronic device that can identify and electrically correct heart arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, and tachycardia.
Behavior
An action that can be observed, measured, and modified.
Type 2 Diabetes
A long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
A behavior change model focused on the stages of change, the process of changing behavior, self-efficacy, and the decision balance.
Self-Efficacy
The certainty of one’s ability to accomplish a particular task.
Motivational Interviewing(MI)
A collaborative, client-focused method of guiding a client toward a self-identified motivation for change.
Stages Of Change
The series of temporal stages of readiness that a person progresses through during the behavior change process.
Processes Of Change
The strategies and techniques that can influence an individual’s transition from one stage of change to the next.
Self-Determination Theory (SDT)
A general theory of human motivation that suggests a person is motivated to change by three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Motivation
The reason(s) one has for behaving in a certain way.
Intrinsic Motivation
The drive to execute behaviors that are driven by internal or personal rewards.
Extrinsic Motivation
The drive to perform certain behaviors based on external factors such as praise, recognition, and money.
Autonomy
The need for self-governance and control over one’s own behaviors.
Competence
The basic need to feel a sense of mastery and operate effectively within the environment.
Relatedness
The need to feel connected to and supported by others as well as a sense of belonging within a group.
OARS Model
A communication model for motivational interviewing that includes open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening and summarizing.
Rapport
A close, harmonious relationship in which all parties involved understand one another’s feelings and communicate well.
Open-Ended Questions
Questions that require more than a yes or no answer and encourage the client to communicate the “how” and “why.”
Goal Setting
The process of identifying the client’s ideal state, determining their current state, and defining the actions that must be taken to close the gap.
Outcome Goal
A goal where the end result is a specific desired outcome.
Process Goal
A goal where the focus is on the process or action that will lead to the desired end result.
SMART Principle
Acronym to enable goals to be more objective; S—specific, M—measurable, A—achievable, R—relevant, T—time-bound.
Subjective Goal
A goal based on a subjective outcome that will be dependent on the interpretation of the individual client.
Objective Goal
A goal based on objective quantifiable data that can be measured and evaluated.
Implementation Intention
A preset plan that links critical situations (e.g. anticipated obstacles or opportunities) to goal- directed responeses.
