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NDT LEC PRELIMS > HEALTH EFFECTS OF SUGAR+ > Flashcards

HEALTH EFFECTS OF SUGAR+ Flashcards

1
Q
  • Added sugar has a high-calorie content but is almost
    empty in nutrient content (empty foods)
  • Naturally occurring sugars are acceptable because
    they are accompanied by nutrients
  • Sugar is not bad but nutritious foods must come first
A

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

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2
Q

The gradual decay and disintegration of a tooth

A

DENTAL CARIES

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3
Q

CHO foods that can support bacterial tooth growth

A

BREAD, BANANA, MILK, SUGAR

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4
Q

Health effects of sugar

A

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY
DENTAL CARIES
HEART DISEASE
DIABETES
GI DISTURBANCES
CANCER

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5
Q

● Response to how quickly glucose is absorbed after a
person eats
● How high blood glucose rises
● How quickly it returns to normal
● Different foods have different effects on blood glucose, it
depends on the glycemic index

A

GLYCEMIC RESPONSE

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6
Q

Is a method of classifying foods according to their
potential to raise blood glucose

A

GLYCEMIC INDEX

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7
Q

● Are CHO - will yield 2 to 3 kcal/gram
● Side effects are gas formation and abdominal discomfort
● Do not contribute to dental caries.
● Mannitol and Sorbitol

A

SUGAR ALCOHOLS

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8
Q

● Non-energy yielding, non-nutritive sweeteners, not a
CHO
● Make food taste sweet without promoting tooth decay
● Will not automatically lower energy intake
● Saccharin, acesulfame-K, aspartame, neotame, and
sucralose

A

ARTIFICIAL SWEETENER

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9
Q

saliva contains this which breaks down starch, glycogen and dextrins into glucose, maltose and maltotrose

A

SALIVARY AMYLASE

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10
Q

this is where digestion occurs

A

MOUTH, STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE

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11
Q

● Fats and Oils
● The fatty content of meat and fats in the body
● Predominate in the body in the diet and in the body
● Composed of 3 FA + Glycerol

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

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12
Q

a small water-soluble compound

A

GLYCEROL

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13
Q

Our bodies needs this in order to absorb certain fat soluble
nutrients such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, along with
beta-carotene

A

FATS

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14
Q

Organic compounds with a chain of C atoms with H
attached and an acid group at one end differ in chain
length and saturation

A

FATTY ACIDS

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15
Q

Refers to the number of C in FA

A

CHAIN LENGTH

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16
Q

■ Refers to its chemical structure, especially the
number of H the C in the FA are holding
■ The more hydrogen atoms attached to those C
the more saturated the FA

A

SATURATION

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17
Q

■ More H atoms attached to those C atoms
■ Fully loaded with hydrogen and has only
single bonds with the C

A

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS (SFA)

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18
Q

■ H atoms are missing in the FA chains
■ The degree of unsaturation in the FA in a fat,
influences the health of the body

A

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (UFA)

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19
Q

1 point of unsaturation

A

monounsaturated fatty acids

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20
Q

more points of unsaturation

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids

21
Q

soft at room temperature and melt more easily

A

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

22
Q

are more resistant to oxidation and lesser chance for rancidity

A

saturated fats

23
Q

spoils most readily because their double bonds are unstable

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids

24
Q

cannot be made from other substances in the body, must be obtained from the food or from the diet

A

essential fatty acids

25
Q

● Found in the seeds of plants and in the
oils produced from the seeds
● Some food sources are; vegetable oils,
seeds, nuts, whole grain

A

linoleic acid-omega 6 fatty acids

26
Q

● Belongs to a family of PUFA
● Contains EPA and DHA in fish oils
● Impressive roles in metabolism and
disease prevention
● Needed for normal brain development

A

linoleic acid- omega 3 fatty acids

27
Q

● Lecithin and Cephalin
● Found in brain, bile and nerve tissues
● Formed in all cells of the body
● Some are circulated in the blood to combine with fatty
metabolites make phospholipids more H2O soluble
● Act as emulsifier
● Help to keep other fats in solution in the watery blood
and body fluids
● Lecithin used to build cell membranes are made from
starch by the liver (nondietary essential)
● Soluble in both water and fats

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

28
Q

Precursor of vitamin D

A

STEROLS

29
Q

a kind of sterol; most familiar sterol

A

cholesterol

30
Q
  • bad cholesterol
  • form deposits of cholesterol
A

low density lipoprotein

31
Q
  • good cholesterol
  • will trap and deliver cholesterol out from the body
A

high density lipoprotein

32
Q

cholesterol from plant

A

ergosterol

33
Q

cholesterol from fish liver oils

A

calciferol

34
Q

the body’s capacity in storing fat is limited

A

false; unlimited

35
Q

an enzyme that promotes fat storage in fat cells and muscle cells

A

lipoprotein lipase

36
Q

a hormone produced bye the stomach cells that will stimulate appetite

A

gherilin

37
Q

the body’s fat which consists of masses
of fat storing cells, when there are
surplus of energy, new fats cells are
readily produced

A

adipose tissue

38
Q

_____ in the skin provide a radiant complexion,
help nourish the hair and make it glossy
● Insulate the body against extreme temperature
● Protect the body’s vital organs from shock

A

natural oils

39
Q

● Is loaded with heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids
● 1 T (15 ml) contains 7, 196 mg of omega-3 fatty acids
● Contains alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a form of omega-3
FA that is converted into active forms of omega-3, like
EPA & DHA
● Men = 1,600 mg of ALA for men and 1,100 mg for
women
● For just one tablespoon the body can meet and exceed the
daily ALA needs
● Omega-3 fatty acids are essential to health and have been
associated with benefits like reduced inflammation,
improved heart health and protection for the brain against
aging

A

flaxseed oil

40
Q

● Rich in oleic acid, a very healthy fat
● Reduces cholesterol and improves heart health
● High in lutein, an antioxidant that has benefits for the
eyes
● Enhances the absorption of important nutrients
● May reduce symptoms of arthritis
● Improves skin and enhances wound healing

A

avocado oil

41
Q

● Is rich in Healthy Monounsaturated Fats
● Contains large amounts of antioxidants
● Has strong anti-inflammatory properties
● May help prevent strokes
● Is protective against heart disease
● Is not associated with weight gain and obesity

A

olive oil

42
Q

● Help lose weight and cut the risk of heart-related disease
● Known to have a light texture, neutral taste and mild in
flavor that does not overwhelm the taste of other
ingredients, thus making it a great choice for both
sauteing and baking
● Contains both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
● Has 7% saturated fat, which helps cut cholesterol levels
● Also help reduce inflammation and joint stiffness
● Contain small amounts of trans fat, which is harmful to
health

A

canola oil

43
Q

● Groundnut oil made from the edible seeds of peanuts that
actually develop underground
● 20% saturated fat, 50% (MUFA) and 30% (PUFA)
● Oleic acid, or omega-9 are the main types of MUFA
● It also contains high amounts of linoleic acid, a type of
omega-6 fatty acids, and smaller amounts of palmitic
acid, a saturated fat, that may not be a good thing cause it
may lead to inflammation and various health problems

A

peanut oil

44
Q

● Has about 90% saturated fat, which is a higher
percentage than butter (about 64% saturated fat), beef fat
(40%), or even lard (also 40%)
○ Too much saturated in the diet is unhealthy because
it raises “bad” LDL cholesterol levels, which
increases the risk of heart disease
● However it contains monochain triglycerides MCTs, that
are straightly converted by the liver into energy or turns
them into ketones
● Ketone can have powerful benefits for your brain, and
researchers are studying ketones as a treatment for
epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and other conditions

A

coconut oil

45
Q

● Is a good source of – Vitamin K, E, Choline, P and Zn
● Is also high in Se
○ This antioxidant supports healthy thyroid fxn and
may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and cancer
● Contains the (ALA) a “good fat” that can reduce the risk
of heart disease by 10% when part of the dalit diet
● Can lower cholesterol levels, reduce levels of
triglycerides, reduce risk of heart disease, heart attacks,
and stroke
● Potential risk is it can cause a severe allergic reaction for
people with a nut allergy

A

walnut oil

46
Q

● Are a good source of healthy fats, protein, B vitamins,
minerals, fiber, antioxidants, and other beneficial plant
compounds
● May aid blood sugar control, combat arthritis pain, and
lower cholesterol
● Is practically free of toxic components
● The oil contains more unsaturated fatty acids than many
other vegetable oils

A

sesame oil

47
Q

● The linoleic and linoleic acids might
help prevent “hardening of the arteries” lower
cholesterol, and reduce the risk of heart disease
● contains chemicals that may thin the blood to
prevent clots, widen blood vessels, lower blood pressure,
and stimulate the heart
● Diabetes – might increase blood sugar
● Surgery – since ____might slow blood clotting,
there is a concern that it could increase the risk of
bleeding during and after surgery

A

safflower oil

48
Q

● is loaded with monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fats which provide the body with a good
source of fuel
● Research shows that including this in the diet
can effectively lower our total cholesterol levels as well
as the build-up of “bad” low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol
● However, has been shown to release toxic
compounds when heated to higher temperatures over time

A

sunflower oil

49
Q

● Is high in Vitamin E and phenolic antioxidants. It’s also a
rich source of omega-6 polyunsaturated fats
● One noted risk of this oil is that some types may contain
high levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PAHs), which can be dangerous to human health
○ PAHs have been found to cause cancer in some
animals
● high in fat, and therefore
should be consumed in moderation

A

grapeseed oil

NDT LEC PRELIMS (1 decks)

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