Health Disparities & Diversity Flashcards
What freedoms and entitlements do the right to health include?
Freedoms to control one’s health and body (for example, sexual and reproductive rights) and to be free from interference (for example, free from torture and non-consensual medical treatment and experimentation).
Entitlements to a system of health protection that gives everyone an equal opportunity to enjoy the highest attainable level of health.
What can disadvantage and marginalization do for health + example?
- exclude certain populations from enjoying good health
- Three of the world’s most fatal communicable diseases – malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis – disproportionately affect the world’s poorest populations,
- non-communicable diseases (often perceived as affecting high-income countries) is increasing disproportionately among lower-income countries and populations, and is largely associated with lifestyle and behaviour factors as well as environmental determinants, such as safe housing, water and sanitation that are linked to human rights.
What population are higher risk of ill-health and face significant obstacles to accessign quality and affordable ehalthcare?
- indigenous people with higher mortailty and morbidiyt rates from cancer, CV disease, Chronic respiratorydisease
- aggrevated by laws and policies that increase marginizatlion and access healthcare
What is non-discrimnination?
to guarantee that human rights are exercised without discrimination of any kind based on race, colour, sex, language, religion, political, or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status such as disability, age, marital and family status, sexual orientation and gender identity, health status, place of residence, economic and social situation’.
What is non-retrogression?
States should not allow the existing protection of economic, social, and cultural rights to deteriorate unless there are strong justifications for a retrogressive measure. For example, introducing school fees in secondary education which had formerly been free of charge would constitute a deliberate retrogressive measure. To justify it, a state would have to demonstrate that it adopted the measure only after carefully considering all the options, assessing the impact and fully using its maximum available resources.
What does the right of health enshrined in and further defined?
Article 12 of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, was further defined in General Comment 14 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights – a committee of Independent Experts
What does the right to health encompass?
- AAvailability - sufficeint quantitiy of functioning public health and healthcare faciltiy
- Accessibility - health facilities must be accessible to all (non-discrimination, physical accessiblity, affordable, information accessibility)
- acceptabiltiy - health facilites are pepel centered and cater to diverse populations’ specific needs
- quality - scientifically and medically approved
How to measure availiabty ?
analysis of disaggregated data to different and multiple stratifiers including by age, sex, location and socio-economic status and qualitative surveys to understand coverage gaps and health workforce coverage
How to assess accessibilty?
- analysis of physical, finaical, etc barriers and how they affect the most vulnerable
- call for clearn norms and standarsd in policy to address these barriers
What must Quality healthcare be?
- safe
- effective (evidence based care)
- peoplecentered (care that resaponds to indv preferences and needs)
- timely
-equitable (same quality of care for all) - integrated (full range of health services thorughout life_
- efficient
How has WHO been strengtheing their role in providing technical, intellectural and political leadership?
strengthening the capacity of WHO and its Member States to integrate a human rights-based approach to health;
advancing the right to health in international law and international development processes; and
advocating for health-related human rights, including the right to health.
What is Universal Health coverage
all people have access to the full range of quality health services they need, when and where they need them, without financial hardship. It covers the full continuum of essential health services, from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care across the life course.
What was the UHC service coverage index in 2000
45
What was the UHC service coverage index in 2019
68
What has the COIVD19 pandemic disrupted essential services by at height of pandemic compared to now in 2022
92% and 84%
