Health disparities ch 7 Flashcards
Race vs ethnicity
race - social construct often based on physical or biological characteristics like skin color. it is reflected in official statistics
ethnicity - social construct based on cultural characteristics such as language, religion, and history. it includes shared ancestry, traditions and social experiences
us census data : uses five categories for race and two for ethnicity (hispanic or latino and nonhispanic or latino)
asian health equity
- historical impact of anti immigration policies -
- Chinese exclusion act (1882) : first law restricting Asian immigration
- immigration and naturalization act (1995) : allowed immigration based on occupational skills and family reunification, leading to a significant increase in Asian immigrants
- asian immigration grew from 9% to 44% between 1960-1980
asian american demographics
- population growth : one of the fastest growing minority groups and will make up 9.3% of the us population by 2060
- subgroups - chinese, indian, filipino, vietnamese, korean, and japanese
- model minority myth
- depicts asian americans as socioeconomically successful, which as led to exclusion from resources and research
- lack of data disaggregation means that unique challenges faced by different asian subgroups are often overlooked
education and economic stability
education - 1 in 4 american do not graduate from high school and 30% have limited English proficiency
income - median household income is higher than national average (73060 vs 53600) but disparities exists, especially between occupation based immigrants and refugees
poverty - despite higher income overall, some asian subgroups face significant poverty rates
health disparities
- chronic and communicable disease
- higher rates of conditions like hepatitis B and tuberculosis
-cancer is leading cause of death, with higher risk of stomach and liver cancers, often related to infection and alcohol use - diabetes
- elevated rates with 1 in 3 south asian and filipins at risk
- poor disease management among certain subgroups - mental health
- higher rates of depression and anxiety, but difficulties in accessing care
- Korean Americans have particularly high suicide rates - alcohol use
- more common among men (60%) than women (39%)
- lower overall consumption rates than non latinx whites, but higher rates of negative outcomes when they do drink
factors influencing health disparities
- ecological framework - developed by Ma and Daus, focusing on individual, organizational and governmental levels
- individual level - factors like acculturation, nativity, income, education, health literacy and immigration status shape health outcomes
- immigration impacts health access, with insurance tied t employment and immigration status - organization level - culturally tailored healthcare is crucial, considering family roles and language needs
- limited English proficiency impacts communication, care decisions and mortality rates - governmental level - federal policies influence access to benefits like medicaid and food stamps
- funding gaps for asian american health research result in inadequate data on prevalent conditions like liver cancer
racial discrimination
model minority myth - though seemingly positive, it perpetuates discrimination by framing asian americans as foreign regardless of their time in us
significant historical events -
- chinese exclusion act and japanese interment camps - led to lasting trauma and health issues
- post September 11th - discrimination against south Asians and Muslims intensified
- Covid 19 pandemic - surge in anti asian crimes due to the chinese virus label
health outcomes from discrimination
- increased stress, substance use, and lower staisfaction with care
- racial discrimination should be considered a social determinant of health
CBPR approach
CBPR - effective for reducing health inequities through community involvement and addressing social determinants
tailored approaches require local expertise and trusted community partnerships
orgs and programs supporting asian american health equity
- NYU center for study of asian american health (CSAAH) - focuses on identifying health priorities through research, training and community partnerships
- Asian american network for cancer awareness, research, and training (AANCART) - aim to reduce cancer disparities through community based education and research
- Asian & Pacific islander american health forum (APIAHF) - advocates for policy changes and supports local health initiatives
- Association of asian pacific community health organization (AAPCHO) - works to improve healthcare access and outcomes through advocacy an research
- center for asian health - focuses on cancer, Tabaco, chronic disease, and global health through research and community outreach
recommendation for designing programs
leverage trusted partnerships - use community relationships for program success
focus on social determinants of health (SDOH) - address underlying factors like socioeconomic status and discrimination
utilize multisectoral coalitions - collaborate across sectors for comprehensive interventions
flexible program design - adaptable to various community needs
plan for sustainability - focus on long term success from the start
