Health determinants Flashcards
By the end of 2021, 5 out of every 100,000 people in a country “X” had cancer. This represents the ___ rate of cancer in the country
Prevalence
In 2020
Country A: 30 kids under the age of 5 died
Country B: 50 kids under the age of 5 died
Which country has a better health status?
It can’t be determined because it doesn’t say that that is a rate (it should say the amount of kids that were born that year)
Perinatal period
From the 28th week of pregnancy (gestation) till the first week of a baby’s life
A baby was born alive but died on the 5th day after birth. Which of the health indicators includes that death? A. Infant mortality rate B. Neonatal mortality rate C. Child mortality rate D. Perinatal mortality rate E. All of them
E. All of them
A baby was born alive but died on the 15th day after birth. Which of the health indicators includes that death? A. Infant mortality rate B. Neonatal mortality rate C. Child mortality rate D. Perinatal mortality rate E. All of them
A. Infant mortality rate
B. Neonatal mortality rate
C. Child mortality rate
A baby was born alive but died 6 months after being born. Which of the health indicators includes that death? A. Infant mortality rate B. Neonatal mortality rate C. Child mortality rate D. Perinatal mortality rate E. All of them
A. Infant mortality rate
C. Child mortality rate
Which are the non-modifiable factors that affect our health?
Age
Gender
Genes (constitutional factors)
Determinants of health
- Many levels of influence when it comes to our health
- Can be external or internal
- Data matters a lot
- Measurements are important
- Factors that influence our health
- Can be modifiable and non-modifiable
- Ex. Sanitation, air pollution, access to health services, access to clean water
Health trends
- How things changes with time
- Tells us if the interventions we’ve made are helping or not
- To see a meaningful change we need to look at the trends for a long period of time
Morbidity
- Sickness or any departure, subjective or objective, from a psychological or physiological state of well-being
- Any condition that doesn’t allows us to feel well (subjectively and objectively)
- Interchanges with sickness (we use this terms interchangeably)
Subjective well-being
How ppl perceive their health
Objective well-being
When we are really sick
Mortality
Death-rate and mortality-rate are used interchangeably
Disability
- An umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions
- Temporary (not always permanent) or long-term reduction in a person’s capacity to function
- Any condition that interferes with our daily activities and makes us less productive
Incidence rate
- The number of new cases of a health condition in a certain period, compared to the number of ppl at risk
- New cases
- Ex. Today, 2/100,000 ppl in BC got infected with covid (how many ppl got the disease recently)
Prevalence rate
- The total number of cases of a health condition in a certain period, compared to the number of ppl at risk
- Existing cases
- Ex. Currently, in BC, 50/100,000 ppl are covid + (total # of cases right now)
- When ppl recover or die they stop making part of this rate
Why are the incidence and prevalence rate important?
- They tell us which diseases are a bigger problem
- The budget in healthcare is limited so it is important to know these numbers
- These numbers allows us to decided which disease requires the most investment so we can prioritize them
What are the social and community network factors that affect our health?
- Education
- Housing
- Living and working conditions
- Access to healthcare and healthcare facilities
What are the general socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions that affect our health?
- Global warming
- Government policies
What are health indicators?
- Multiple units to determine if a population is healthy or not
- Needs to be universal so it can be used throughout the world
- And so data can be compared with other countries
What are the health status indicators critical for?
- Determining the causes of mobility, disability, and death
- Carrying out disease surveillance
- Making comparisons about health within and across countries
What are the 6 most common indicators of health?
- Life expectancy at birth
- Under-5 mortality rate (child mortality rate)
- Infant mortality rate
- Neonatal mortality rate
- Maternal mortality rate
- Perinatal mortality rate
Perinatal mortality rate
The number of deaths from the 28th completed week of gestation till the end of the 1st week of life per 1,000 live and still births
Maternal mortality rate
The number of women who dies as a result of pregnancy and childbirth complications per 100,000 live births in a given year
