Health Chapter 10 Flashcards
Nutrition
the process by which your body takes in and uses food
Nutrients
substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy
What is the energy your body receives measured in?
Calories
Calorie
A unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food
Hunger
the natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body need for food
Appetite
the psychological desire for food
What are the 4 environmental things influence what you choose to eat?
Family and culture, Friends, Time and money, and advertising
What are the 5 ways your body uses nutrients?
An energy source
To heal, build and repair tissue
To sustain growth
To help transport oxygen to cells
To regulate body functions
What are the six types of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats provide energy
Vitamins, minerals and water
1 gram of carbs or proteins =
1 gram of fat =
= 4 calories
= 9 calories
Carbohydrates
Starches and sugars found in foods which provide your body main source of energy
Simple Carbs
Sugars such as fructose (found in fruits) and lactose (found in milk)
Complex Carbs
Starches, long chains of sugars linked together. Includes grains and beans
Fiber
A tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest
How does the body use Carbohydrates?
By breaking them down into their simplest forms simple sugar called glucose
What can glucose do?
Be stored in your body’s tissue and used later during periods of intense activity.
Proteins
nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tisses.
What are proteins made up of?
Chemicals called amino acids
Your body and amino acids
Your body uses about 20 amino acids. Our body makes 11 (nonessential amino acids) and we have to get the 9 (essential amino acids) from food.
What do Proteins do?
They are the building material of all your body cells. Proteins help your body grow and can be used as an energy source
What type of protein helps carry oxygen to your blood cells
Hemoglobin
Essential fatty acids
Fatty acids the the body needs but cannot produce on its own
Unsaturated fats
Vegetable oils, nuts and seeds
Saturated Fats
Animal-based foods, meat, and dairy
Trans fat
Packaged Foods
What do Fats provide
A concentrated form of energy
What is one mineral that is especially important to your health?
Calcium; it promotes bone health
Osteoporosis
A condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily
Where do minerals come from?
Food
What are the 4 main minerals our bodies need?
Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Iron
What are the 5 major food groups?
Grains, Vegetables, Fruits, milk, Proteins (meat and beans)
My pyramid
an interactive guide to healthful eating and active living
Nutrient-dense Foods
These foods have a high ration of nutrients to calories
What do food labels list?
The name of the food product, the amount of food in the package, the name and address of the company that makes the product, the ingredients in the food, and the nutrition facts panel
Food Additives
substances added to a food to produce a desired effect
What is a sugar substitute?
Aspartame
What is a fat substitute?
Olestra
Sell by Dates
The last day a store should sell a product
Use by/Expiration dates
The last day a products quality can be guaranteed
Freshness dates
The last day a product is considered fresh
Pack dates
The day on which a food was packaged
Foodborne illness
food poisoning
Pasteurization
treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens
What are the four steps to keeping food safe?
Clean, Separate, Cook, Chill
Food allergy
A condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to substances in some foods
Food tolerance
a negative reaction to food that doesn’t involve the immune system
Cholesterol
a waxy, fatlike substance
Vitamins
compounds found in food that help regulate many body processes
Which Vitamins are Water soluble
Vitamin C, Folic acid, and the B vitamins
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
Vitamins A, D, E, and K
Minerals
Elements found in food that are used by the body
