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Health Chapter 10 > Health Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Health Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition

A

the process by which your body takes in and uses food

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2
Q

Nutrients

A

substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy

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3
Q

What is the energy your body receives measured in?

A

Calories

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4
Q

Calorie

A

A unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food

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5
Q

Hunger

A

the natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body need for food

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6
Q

Appetite

A

the psychological desire for food

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7
Q

What are the 4 environmental things influence what you choose to eat?

A

Family and culture, Friends, Time and money, and advertising

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8
Q

What are the 5 ways your body uses nutrients?

A

An energy source
To heal, build and repair tissue
To sustain growth
To help transport oxygen to cells
To regulate body functions

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9
Q

What are the six types of nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats provide energy
Vitamins, minerals and water

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10
Q

1 gram of carbs or proteins =

1 gram of fat =

A

= 4 calories

= 9 calories

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11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Starches and sugars found in foods which provide your body main source of energy

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12
Q

Simple Carbs

A

Sugars such as fructose (found in fruits) and lactose (found in milk)

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13
Q

Complex Carbs

A

Starches, long chains of sugars linked together. Includes grains and beans

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14
Q

Fiber

A

A tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest

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15
Q

How does the body use Carbohydrates?

A

By breaking them down into their simplest forms simple sugar called glucose

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16
Q

What can glucose do?

A

Be stored in your body’s tissue and used later during periods of intense activity.

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17
Q

Proteins

A

nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tisses.

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18
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Chemicals called amino acids

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19
Q

Your body and amino acids

A

Your body uses about 20 amino acids. Our body makes 11 (nonessential amino acids) and we have to get the 9 (essential amino acids) from food.

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20
Q

What do Proteins do?

A

They are the building material of all your body cells. Proteins help your body grow and can be used as an energy source

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21
Q

What type of protein helps carry oxygen to your blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

22
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

Fatty acids the the body needs but cannot produce on its own

23
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

Vegetable oils, nuts and seeds

24
Q

Saturated Fats

A

Animal-based foods, meat, and dairy

25
Q

Trans fat

A

Packaged Foods

26
Q

What do Fats provide

A

A concentrated form of energy

27
Q

What is one mineral that is especially important to your health?

A

Calcium; it promotes bone health

28
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily

29
Q

Where do minerals come from?

A

Food

30
Q

What are the 4 main minerals our bodies need?

A

Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Iron

31
Q

What are the 5 major food groups?

A

Grains, Vegetables, Fruits, milk, Proteins (meat and beans)

32
Q

My pyramid

A

an interactive guide to healthful eating and active living

33
Q

Nutrient-dense Foods

A

These foods have a high ration of nutrients to calories

34
Q

What do food labels list?

A

The name of the food product, the amount of food in the package, the name and address of the company that makes the product, the ingredients in the food, and the nutrition facts panel

35
Q

Food Additives

A

substances added to a food to produce a desired effect

36
Q

What is a sugar substitute?

A

Aspartame

37
Q

What is a fat substitute?

A

Olestra

38
Q

Sell by Dates

A

The last day a store should sell a product

39
Q

Use by/Expiration dates

A

The last day a products quality can be guaranteed

40
Q

Freshness dates

A

The last day a product is considered fresh

41
Q

Pack dates

A

The day on which a food was packaged

42
Q

Foodborne illness

A

food poisoning

43
Q

Pasteurization

A

treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens

44
Q

What are the four steps to keeping food safe?

A

Clean, Separate, Cook, Chill

45
Q

Food allergy

A

A condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to substances in some foods

46
Q

Food tolerance

A

a negative reaction to food that doesn’t involve the immune system

47
Q

Cholesterol

A

a waxy, fatlike substance

48
Q

Vitamins

A

compounds found in food that help regulate many body processes

49
Q

Which Vitamins are Water soluble

A

Vitamin C, Folic acid, and the B vitamins

50
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

51
Q

Minerals

A

Elements found in food that are used by the body

Health Chapter 10 (2 decks)

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