Health Care Waste Flashcards
contains pathogens or toxins in sufficient concentration that may cause disease to a susceptible host
Infectious waste
Microbiological cultures, solid waste such as dressings, sputum cups, urine containers, blood bags, blood, urine, vomitus, body secretions & food waste from infectious patients
Infectious waste
tissue sections & body fluids or organ derived form biopsies, autopsies or surgical procedures
Pathological and anatomical waste
a subgroup of pathological waste that refers to recognizable body parts
Anatomical waste
contains pathogens or toxins in sufficient concentration that may cause disease to a susceptible host
infectious waste
most dangerous health care waste
sharps
discarded chemicals generated during disinfection & sterilization procedures
chemical waste
Laboratory reagents, x-ray film developing solution, disinfectants & soaking solutions, used batteries, concentrated ammonia, concentrated hydrogen peroxide, chlorine & mercury from broken thermometers and sphygmomanometers. Hazardous chemicals are toxic, corrosive ( acids & bases), flammable ( flash point below 60C), reactive ( explosive with water)
chemical waste
expired, spilt, & contaminated pharmaceutical products, drugs, and vaccines including discarded items used in handling pharmaceuticals
pharmaceutical waste
waste exposed to radionuclides including radioactive diagnostic materials or radiotherapeutic materials
radioactive waste
Examples are cobalt, technetium, iodine, iridium , irradiated blood products and contaminated waste
radioactive waste
sharps inflicted injuries, toxic exposure to pharmaceutical products and to substances such as mercury or dioxins during the handling or incineration of health care waste, chemical burns, air pollution, thermal injuries, radiation burns
Adverse health outcomes
waste that doesn’t pose a hazard
general waste
to eliminate ozone depleting substances
Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer; 1987
waste are exported form countries that lack the facilities or expertise to safely dispose waste
The Basel convention on the control of the transboundary movements of hazardous waste and their disposal;1989
major industrialized nations would voluntarily reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 level
The united nations framework convention on climate change; 1992 pledged by 2000
a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants
Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants; 2001
includes protocol 9 on dangerous goods which provides provisions on the transport of toxic and infectious substances
ASEAN framework agreement on the facilitation of goods in transit; 1998
Hospital Licensure Act 1965
RA 4226
Partner of RA 4226
DOH Manual on Health Care Waste Management in 2011
An act to control substances and hazardous and nuclear waste 1990
RA 6969
The Philippine clean air act of 1999
RA 8749
Ecological solid waste management act of 2000
RA 9003
The Philippine clean water act of 2004
RA 9275
Strengthening the functions of Laguna lake development authority
PD 813 (1975) and EO 927 (1983)
The code on sanitation of the Philippines- Chapter XVII on sewage collection and excreta disposal (1998)
PD 856
Providing the revision of republic act 3931/ pollution control law and for other purposes
PD 984
Environmental impact statement system (1978)
PD 1586
Establishing a green procurement program for all departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the executive branch of government (2004)
EO 301
Gradual phaseout of mercury in all Philippine health care facilities and institutions
DOH AO 2008-0021 (July 30,2008)
National policy on patient safety
DOH 2008-0023 (July 30, 2008)
Inventory, proper disposal and or destruction of used vials or bottles
BFAD Memorandum Circular No. 22 Series of 1994
Amending BFAD MC No 22 dated September 8, 1994 Regarding inventory, proper disposal and destruction of used vials or bottles
BFAD Bureau Circular No. 16 series of 1999
waste prevention and waste reduction
green procurement policy
safely reusing, recycling & recovering waste
resource development
finding a new application for a used material or using the same product for the same application
reusing
processing of used materials into new products
recycling
energy recovery whereby waste is converted to fuel or heat
recovery
treatment and disposal of waste
end pipe approach
changing the biological and chemical characteristics of waste to minimize its potential to cause harm
waste treatment
discharging, depositing, placing or releasing any health care waste into land, air or water
waste disposal
yellow plastic category
infectious waste, pathological and anatomic waste, pharmaceutical waste, chemical waste
red category
sharps
biohazard symbol
pathological and anatomical waste, infectious waste,sharps
orange plastic category
radioactive waste
radioactive symbol
radioactive waste
recycle symbol
general waste
black/green or colorless category
general waste
must be disinfected at source
infectious waste
should be disposed through safe burial or cremation
anatomical waste
must be refrigerated if not collected or treated within 24 hours
pathological waste
must be shredded or crushed before they are transported to the landfill
sharps
should be segregated and collected separately
chemical and pharmaceutical waste
has to be decayed to background radiation levels
radioactive waste
can be collected with the general waste
aerosols containers
thermal decomposition of health care waste in the absence of supplied molecular oxygen in the destruction chamber where the said waste is converted into gaseous, liquid or solid form
pyrolysis
use of steam sterilization. Uses pressure and heat. 121C and 15psi for 15 to 30mins
autoclave
reduction device; Shredding of waste is done before disinfection. Waste is exposed to microwaves at 100C for 30mins
microwave
sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, and heated alkali are added to health care waste to kill or inactivate present pathogens
chemical disinfection
uses an enzyme mixture to decontaminate health care waste.
biological process
involves the filling of containers with waste, adding and immobilizing material, and sealing the containers.
encapsulation
The resulting byproduct is put through and extruder to remove water for wastewater disposal
biological process
Use of boxes filled up with plastic foam, bituminous sand and cement mortar
encapsulation
for pharmaceutical waste that involves the mixing of waste with cement and other substances before disposal.
inertization
A mixture of water, lime and cement is mixed with the waste.
inertization
The homogenous mixture can be transported to a suitable storage site or a landfill and poured into municipal waste
inertization
