1. No Poverty 2. No Hunger 3. Good Health 4. Quality Education 5. Gender Equality 6. Clean water and sanitation 7. Renewable Energy 8. Good Jobs and Economic Growth 9. Innovation and Infrastructure 10. Reduced Inequalities 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities 12. Responsible Consumption 13. Climate Action 14. Life Below Water 15. Life on Land 16. Peace and Justice 17. Partnership For The Goals

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Flashcards by Ford Remulta

The combination of resources, organization, financing and
management that culminate in the delivery of health services
to the population (Roemer, 1991)

Health Care System

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

According to this organization, health system was defined as “all the organizations, institutions and resources that are devoted to producing health actions

World Health Organization Report in 2000

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 main goals for health systems

Improving the health of populations
Improving the responsiveness of the health system to the population it serves
Fairness in financial contribution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Four (4) Vital Health System Functions

Health Service Provision
Health Service Inputs
Stewardship
Health Financing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Promoted participatory management of the local health care system.

1979: Adoption of Primary Health Care

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Integrated public health and hospital services

1982: Reorganization of DOH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Prescriptions are written using the generic name of the drug.

1988: The Generics Act

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transfer of responsibility of health service provisions to the local government units.

1991: RA 7160 “Local Government Code”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aims to provide all citizens a mechanism for financial protection with priority given to the poor.

1995: National Health Act

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Major organizational restructuring of the DOH to improve the way health care is delivered, regulated and financed

1996: Health Sector Reform Agenda

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adoption of operational framework to undertake reforms with speed, precision, and effective coordination

2005: FOURmula One (F1) for Health

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Promote and ensure access to affordable quality drugs andmedicines for all

2008: RA 9502 “Access to Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Universal health coverage and access to quality health care for all Filipinos

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Directions of the Philippine Health Sector

-The Philippine Health Agenda (DOH Administrative Order 2016-0038)
-The Philippine Developmental Plan 2017-2022
-NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040
-Sustainable Developmental Goals 2030

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

17 Goals

No Poverty
No Hunger
Good Health
Quality Education
Gender Equality
Clean water and sanitation
Renewable Energy
Good Jobs and Economic Growth
Innovation and Infrastructure
Reduced Inequalities
Sustainable Cities and Communities
Responsible Consumption
Climate Action
Life Below Water
Life on Land
Peace and Justice
Partnership For The Goals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

17 Goals of Philippine Health System

1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere

#2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
#3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
#4: Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning
#5: Achieve gender equality and empower women and girls
#6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all
#7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
#8: Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all
#9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
#10: Reduce inequality within and among countries
#11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
#12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
#13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
#14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine
resources
#15: Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and
reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss
#16: Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies
#17: Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Each goal is important in itself

And they are all connected

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Health System branch under provincial government

Provincial Health Office
Inter-local Health Zones
Provincial Hospitals
District Hospitals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Health System branch under city government

City Health Office (Chartered Cities)
- City Hospitals
- Health Centers
- Barangay Health Stations

City Health Office (Components City)
- City Hospitals
- Health Centers
- Barangay Health Stations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pertains to the arrangement of parts and their interconnections

System

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Health Care System includes: (8)

Community
Department of Health
Health Providers
Health Service Organization
Different pharmaceutical companies
Health financing bodies
Organization related to health
Governance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The department that are responsible for the policies for health, provision of health service, health promotion, education, and financing.

DOH (Department of Health )

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Improvement of health ; It could be personal or public

Health Action

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Health System should strive for equity in health ; People should be protected from existing and emerging health risk and ready to be resilient

Improving the Health of Population

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sources of inequitable disparity in health may include

Disparities are most effectively reduced when they are

recognized and their minimization is an explicit national goal

How to properly get rid of those disparities

Organize our healthcare system

GIDA

Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas

represents the concept that the health system provides services in the manner that people want or desire and engages people as active partners.

Responsiveness

Respectfulness Dignity Confidentiality Autonomy, and timeliness in the delivery of health services

Non- discriminative and human Responsiveness represents the concept that the health system provides services in the manner that people want or desire and engages people as active partners. Values: respectfulness, dignity, confidentiality, autonomy, and timeliness in the delivery of health services Maximizes people’s autonomy and control

Improving the Responsiveness of the Health System to the Population it serves

can provide financial and social assistance to give the people a essential health services that they need

Ideal Healthcare System

Paying for health care should not impoverish individuals or families All systems must be financed, and there must be adequate funding in the system to provide essential services WHO definition - fairly financed health system is one that does not deter individuals from receiving needed care due to payments required at the same time of service; One in which each individual pays approximately the same percentage of their income for needed services

Fairness in Financial Contribution

Most visible product of the health care

Public and Private Hospitals

Most visible product of the health care (public and private hospitals) Promote health and try to avert illness through education and preventive measure “ Delivering health services is thus an essential part of what the system does- but it is not what the system is’ (WHO 2000)

Health Service Provision

“ Delivering health services is thus an essential part of what the system does- but it is not what the system is’

WHO, 2000

Management of resources Assembling of essential resources for delivering health services Human resources, medication, and medical equipment

Health Service Inputs

Overall system oversight sets the context and policy framework for the overall health system Public health surveillance and health system performance - Data - Health status Government responsibility

Stewardship

Stewardship Core Function:

1. Identifying health priorities for allocation of public resources 2. Identifying an institutional framework 3. Coordinating activities with other system related to external health care 4. Analyzing health priorities and resource generation trends and their implications 5. Generating appropriate data effective decision-making and policy-making on health matters

refers to how financial resources are used to ensure that the health system can adequately cover the collective health needs of every person

Health Financing

Different mechanism of health financing

Revenue Collection Risk Pooling Strategic Purchasing

Collection of money to pay for health care services General taxation, donor financing, mandatory payroll contributions, mandatory or voluntary risk-rated contributions, direct household out-of-pocket expenditures, and other forms of personal savings

Revenue Collection

Collection and management of financial resources in a way that spreads financial risks from an individual to all pool members

Risk Pooling

Way most risk-pooling organizations or purchasers use collected and pooled financial resources to finance or buy health care services for their members

Strategic purchasing

Two main model of Risk Pooling

Bismarck Model Beveridge model

It uses an insurance system usually financed jointly by employers and employees through payroll deduction; Insurance system- sickness fund- Private sector

Bismarck Model ( Bismarck’s Law on Health Insurance of 1883 )

Bismarck Model, who made this model

Otto von Bismarck

A type health insurance plans have to cover everybody, and they don’t make a profit

Bismarck-type health insurance

The Bismarck model is found in what places

Germany France Belgium Netherlands Japan Switzerland and, to a degree, in Latin America

social reformer who designed Britain’s National Health Service

William Beveridge

Health care is provided and financed by the government through tax payments, just like the police force or the public library Hospitals and Clinics are owned by the government; some doctors are government employees, but there are also private doctors who collect their fees from the government

Beveridge model

Great Britain Spain, most of Scandinavia and New Zealand, Hongkong and Cuba

mandated to provide national policy direction and develop national plans, technical standards, and guidelines of health.

Department of Health (DOH)

Department of Health is mandated to provide national policy direction and develop national plans, technical standards, and guidelines of health. Provides technical assistance, capacity building and advisory service for disease prevention and control and supplies medicines and vaccines Devolution/ Decentralized - LGUs were granted autonomy and responsibility for their own health services National Health programs are coordinated by the DOH through the LGUs

Leadership and Governance

LGUs were granted autonomy and responsibility for their own health services

Devolution/ Decentralized

programs are coordinated by the DOH through the LGUs

National Health Programs

national health system consisted of a three-tiered system under the direct control of the DOH: tertiary hospitals at the national and regional levels; provincial and district hospitals and city and municipal health centers; and barangay (village) health centers

Centralized

The DOH, LGUs and the private sector participate, cooperate and collaborate in the care of the population

Decentralized

DOH functions

1. Developing health policies and programs; 2. Enhancing partners’ capacity through technical assistance; 3. Leveraging performance for priority health programs among these partners; 4. Developing and enforcing regulatory policies and standards; 5. Providing specific programs that affect large segments of the population; 6. Providing specialized and tertiary level care

“ All for Health Towards Health For All”

The Philippine Health Agenda (DOH Administrative Order 2016-0038)

“ matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay”

The Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022

Building a prosperous, predominantly middle-class society where no one is poor Promoting a long and health life Becoming smarter and more innovative Building a high-trust society

NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040

all Filipinos are guaranteed equitable access to quality and affordable health care goods and services, and protected against financial risk. President Duterte

R.A. 11223 or the Universal Health Care Law

What is the risk pooling of the Philippines

It has multiple risk pooling model

LGUs have to give

1. basic health service 2. health promo 3. preventive units

Example of free nationalize center

PGH Philippine General Hospital

3 health system guarantes

- individual level interest for all stages - access to health information - financial through UHL