Health Behaviour Change (1, 2, 3, 4) Flashcards
health behaviour change intervention
- effort times at changing what people do, which impacts their health
- negative or positive
- not necessarily to improve health
- not necessarily use health argument to influence behaviour
- individual and environmental level
individual and environmental health behaviour change interventions
- programs
- services and clinics
- brief interventions
- environmental prompts
- advertisements
- technology
5 elements of HBC interventions
- target population
- target behaviour
- theory
- behaviour change techniques
- format of delivery
target population
- target group for behaviour change
- can be specific or broad
- there can be a priority group
target population: the population will have…
- suboptimal levels of performance of the target behaviour
- benefit from behaviour change
behaviour
- anything a person does in response to internal or external evens
- physical events that occur in the body and are controlled by the brain
health behaviours
- any behaviours that impact on peoples physical and mental health and quality of life
specifying behaviour
- can be formulated at different levels of specificity
- high, medium, or low level
- more specific behaviours are easier to measure
measuring behaviours
- achieved or not, magnitude, frequency
behaviour change includes
- staring something new
- stopping something
- swapping one behaviour for another
- do more/less of something
piggybacking (brushing teeth & flossing)
what influences behaviour
- individual (demographics, personality, beliefs, and perceptions)
- environmental (physical and social environments, access to services)
what is a theory
- set of concepts and/or statement with specification of how phenomena relate to each other, that accounts for what is known, and explains and predicts phenomena
why use theory
- cumulative science argument
- prediction argument
- change argument
- “everyone uses them anyways” argument
cumulative science argument
- shared language/understanding
- summarises evidence
prediction argument
- allows to predict and generalize
change argument
- guides design o better interventions
- guides evaluation/understanding
“everyone uses them anyways” argument
- we all construct mental models
- need to be made explicit
types of theories
- motivations
- stage
- dual process
motivational theories
- focus on explaining motivation
- theory of planned behaviour
stage theories
- explain change as a progression through a series of stages
- transtheoretical model of behaviour change
- health action process approach
dual process theories
- focus on 2 different process of information processing
- reflective/impulsive, system 1/system 2
- RIM
theory of planned behaviour
- behaviour is determined by a persons intention
- intention in turn is determined by 3 factors: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control
intention behaviour gap
- the gap between intended to perform the behaviour and actually performing the behaviour
post-intentional tasks
- initiation of behaviour
- maintenance of behaviour
- recovery of behaviour
- termination of behaviour
trans theoretical model of behaviour change
- pre contemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
- relapse OR stable improved lifestyle
pre contemplation
- not intending to make any changes
- awareness, concern, confidence
contemplation
- considering a change
- risk-reward analysis, decision making
preparation
- making small changes
- commitment, creating an effective plan
action
- actively engaging in a new behaviour
- adequate implementation of plan, revising as needed
maintenance
- sustaining the change over time
- integration into lifestyle
health action process approach
- pre intention motivation phase and post intention violation phase
- risk perception
- outcome expectancies
- self-efficacy (belief of ability to succeed
self-efficacy
- action self-efficacy (initiate action)
- maintenance self-efficacy (ability to deal with barriers)
- recovery self-efficacy (ability to get back on track after being derailed)
action planning
- translating intentions into action
- what will I do?
- when will I act?
- where will I act?
- how will I act?
with whom?
coping planning
- protecting action plans against obstacles
- anticipation of barriers and obstacles
- preparation of coping strategies
- mental simulation of successful scenarios
two separate processes
- motivation: an intention to change is developed
- volition: the change must be planned, initiated, and maintained, and relapses use be managed
RIM
- behaviour controlled by 2 distinct systems of info processing
- reflective and impulsive
reflective system
- requires high cognitive capacity
- distraction, high/low levels of arousal interfere with its operation
- more easily disturbed
impulsive system
- requires little cognitive capacity
- may control behaviour under suboptimal conditions
BCT taxonomy examples
- 93 items in 16 groupings
- goal setting
- review behaviour
- action planning
- reward/punishment
- self-monitoring
MAP to behaviour change
- motivation development
- action on motivation
- prompted behaviour
motivation
- pros and cons
- comparative imaging of future outcomes
- goal setting (outcome and behaviour)
action
- action planning
- implementation intentions
- self-monitoring
prompts
- avoidance/reducing exposure to cues for the behaviour
- prompts/cues
theories related to motivation
- TPB, HAPA, TTM, RIM
- motivational techniques
- provide information
- financial incentives
- pros and cons
theories related to action
- HAPA, TTM, RIM
- action techniques
- action planning
- feedback on performance
- prompt practice
theories related to prompts
- RIM
- trigger techniques
- stimulus control
- use prompts and cues
- restructure physical environment
pros and cons definition
- identify and compare reasons for wanting (pros) and not wanting to (cons) change the behaviour
comparative imagining of future outcomes definition
- prompt the imagining and comparing of future outcomes of changed versus unchanged behaviour
goal setting (outcome and behaviour) definition
- set a goal defined in terms of the behaviour to be achieved and set a goal defined in terms of a positive outcome of wanted behaviour
action planning definition
- prompt detailed planning of performance of the behaviour
- context may be environmental or internal
problem solving definition
- analyze, or prompt the person to analyze, factors influencing the behaviour and generate or select strategies that include overcoming barriers and/or increasing facilitators
self-monitoring definition
- establish a method for the person to monitor and record their behaviour as part of a behaviour change strategy
what is a habit
- a process by which a stimulus generates an impulse to act as a result of a learned stimulus-response association
- 43% of our daily behaviour is habit
- 18-254 days (66 avg) to break habit
3 bases for habit formation
- context
- repetition
- reward
triggers (prompts/cues) to habits
- location
- object
- social practices
- psychological states
- emotions
- time
self-control
- using willpower to resist the temptation
habits and self-control
- people with high trait self-control seem to avoid dangerous temptations in the first place
avoidance/reducing exposure to cues for behaviour definition
- avoid exposure to specific social and contextual/physical cues for the behaviour
- including changing daily or weekly routines
prompts/cues definition
- introduce or define environmental or social stimulus with the purpose of promoting or cueing the behaviour
